Edgar Filing: Pzena Investment Management, Inc.

PZN-2014.12.31-10K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K



ý		Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2014



o		Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-33761

PZENA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)



Delaware		20-8999751
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

120 West 45th Street

New York, New York 10036

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 355-1600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer x	Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes o No ý

The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2014, the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $130,265,234 based on the closing sale price of $11.16 per share of Class A common stock of the registrant on such date on the New York Stock Exchange. For purposes of this calculation only, it is assumed that the affiliates of the registrant include only directors and executive officers of the registrant.

As of March 9, 2015, there were 13,002,267 outstanding shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

As of March 9, 2015, there were 53,257,891 outstanding shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $0.000001 per share.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

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		Page
	Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	ii
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	9
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	18
Item 2.	Properties	18
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	18
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	18
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	19
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	21
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	38
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	38
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	38
Item 9B.	Other Information	39
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	40
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	44
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	55
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	62
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	68
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	69
SIGNATURES		72

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, or Annual Report, contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations, or forecasts, of future events. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or similar words or phrases, or the negatives of those words or phrases, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected or implied by the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in Part I of this Annual Report. Accordingly, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events after the date of this Annual Report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, after the date of this Annual Report.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:


•	our anticipated future results of operations and operating cash flows;


•	our business strategies and investment policies;


•	our financing plans and the availability of short- or long-term borrowing, or equity financing;


•	our competitive position and the effects of competition on our business;


•	potential growth opportunities available to us;


•	the recruitment and retention of our employees;


•	our expected levels of compensation for our employees;


•	our potential operating performance, achievements, efficiency and cost reduction efforts;


•	our expected tax rate;


•	changes in interest rates;


•	our expectation with respect to the economy, capital markets, the market for asset management services and other industry trends; and


•	the impact of future legislation and regulation, and changes in existing legislation and regulation, on our business.

The reports that we file with the SEC, accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, identify additional factors that can affect forward-looking statements.

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Preliminary Notes

In this Annual Report, “we,” “our,” “us,” and "the Company" refer to Pzena Investment Management, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Each Russell Index referred to in this Annual Report is a registered trademark or trade name of The Frank Russell Company^®. The Frank Russell Company^® is the owner of all copyrights relating to these indices and is the source of the performance statistics of these indices that are referred to herein.

Information with respect to Morgan Stanley Capital International, which we refer to as MSCI, requires a license from MSCI. All MSCI brands and product names are the trademarks, service marks, or registered trademarks of MSCI or its subsidiaries in the United States and other jurisdictions. MSCI is the owner of all copyrights relating to these indices and is the source of the performance statistics of these indices that are referred to in this Annual Report.

iii

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PART I.


ITEM 1.	BUSINESS

Overview

Pzena Investment Management, Inc. was formed in 2007 and is the sole managing member of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which is our operating company. Founded in 1995, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is a value-oriented investment management company. We believe that we have established a positive, team-oriented culture that enables us to attract and retain highly qualified people. Over the past nineteen years, we have built a diverse, global client base of respected and sophisticated institutional investors and select third-party distributed mutual funds for which we act as sub-investment adviser. During 2014, we expanded our product offerings by launching three SEC-registered mutual funds for which we act as investment adviser.

The graphic below illustrates our holding company structure and ownership as of December 31, 2014.


(1)	As of December 31, 2014, the members of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, other than us, consisted of:


•	Four of our named executive officers and their estate planning vehicles, who collectively held approximately 55.8% of the economic interests in Pzena Investment Management, LLC. For more detail on executive officer ownership, see "Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters”.


•	32 of our other employee members, who collectively held approximately 4.2% of the economic interests in Pzena Investment Management, LLC.


•	Certain other members of our operating company, including one of our directors and his related entities, and former employees, who collectively held approximately 20.2% of the economic interests in Pzena Investment Management, LLC.


(2)	Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Class A common stockholders have 100% of the rights of all classes of our capital stock to receive distributions.

(3)

Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to five votes per share for so long as the number of shares of Class B common stock outstanding represents at least 20% of all shares of common stock outstanding. Holders of Class B common stock have the right to receive the par value of the Class B common stock held by them upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, but do not share in dividends.


(4)	As of December 31, 2014, we held 13,044,719 Class A units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which represented the right to receive 19.8% of the distributions made by Pzena Investment Management, LLC.


(5)	As of December 31, 2014, the principals collectively held 52,980,812 Class B units of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, which represented the right to receive 80.2% of the distributions made by Pzena Investment Management, LLC.

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We utilize a classic value approach to investing and seek to make investments in good businesses at low prices. Our approach and process have helped us achieve attractive returns over the long term. As of December 31, 2014, we managed assets in fifteen value-oriented investment strategies across a wide range of market capitalizations in both U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets. Our assets under management, or AUM, were $27.7 billion at December 31, 2014, and we managed money on behalf of institutions and acted as sub-investment adviser to a variety of SEC-registered mutual funds and offshore funds as well as investment adviser to certain Pzena SEC-registered mutual funds and offshore funds.

Our investment discipline and our commitment to a classic value approach have been important elements of our success. We construct concentrated portfolios selected through a rigorous fundamental research process. Our investment decisions are not motivated by short-term results or aimed at closely tracking specific market benchmarks. Generating excess returns by utilizing a classic value investment approach requires:


•	willingness to invest in companies before their stock prices reflect signs of business improvement, and


•	significant patience, based upon our understanding of the business’ fundamentals, and our long-term investment horizon.

As of December 31, 2014, we had 81 employees, including 36 employee members who collectively owned 60.0% of the ownership interests in our operating company. Our operating company is led by a committee, consisting of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Mr. Richard S. Pzena, each of our Presidents, Messrs. John P. Goetz and William L. Lipsey, and our Executive Vice President, Mr. Michael D. Peterson (the "Executive Committee").

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following are our competitive strengths:

•

Focus on Investment Excellence. We recognize that we must achieve investment excellence in order to attain long-term business success. All of our business decisions, including the design of our investment process and our willingness to limit AUM in our investment strategies, are focused on producing attractive long-term investment results. We believe that our long-term investment performance, together with our willingness to close our strategies to new investors in order to optimize the prospects for future performance, has contributed to our positive reputation among our clients and the institutional consultants who advise them.

•

Consistency of Investment Process. Since our inception over nineteen years ago, we have utilized a classic value investment approach and a systematic, disciplined investment process to construct portfolios for our investment strategies in U.S. and non-U.S. markets across all market capitalizations. The consistency of our process has allowed us to leverage the same investment team to launch new strategies. We believe that our consistent investment process has resulted in our strong brand recognition in the investment community.

•

Diverse and High Quality Client Base. We believe that we have developed a favorable reputation in the institutional investment community. This is evidenced by our strong relationships with institutional investors, investment consultants, and mutual fund providers, as well as the diversity and sophistication of our investors. For more information concerning our client base, see “Our Client Relationships and Distribution Approach” below.


•	Experienced Investment Professionals and a Team-Oriented Approach. We believe that our greatest asset is the experience of the individuals on our team. For more information on our investment team, see “Our Investment Team” below.


•	Employee Retention. We have focused on building an environment that we believe is attractive to talented investment professionals. Important among our practices are our team-oriented approach to investment decisions, rotation of coverage areas among individuals, and our culture of employee ownership.

•

Culture of Ownership. We believe in significant ownership of our business by the key contributors to our success. Since our inception, we have communicated to all our employees that they have the opportunity to become members of our operating company. As of December 31, 2014, we had 36 employee members positioned within all of our functional areas. We believe this ownership model results in a shared sense of purpose with our clients and their advisers. We intend to continue fostering a culture of ownership through our equity incentive plans, which are designed to align our team’s interests with those of our stockholders and clients. We believe this culture of ownership contributes to our team orientation and connection with clients.

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Our Business Strategy

The key to our success is continued long-term investment performance. In conjunction with this, we believe the following strategies will enable us to grow our business over time.


•	Unwavering Focus on Classic Value Investing. We view our unwavering focus on long-term classic value investment excellence to be the key driver of our business success.

•

Capitalize on Growth Opportunities Created By Our Global Strategies. Among both institutional and retail investors industry-wide, over the past few years, there have been increasing levels of investments in portfolios including non-U.S. equities. As of December 31, 2014, the total AUM in our Global Value strategies, International (ex-U.S.) Value strategies, Emerging Markets Focused Value strategy, and other non-U.S. strategies was $10.9 billion, or 39.4% of our overall AUM. Our global capability provides opportunity for all of our strategies around the world.


•	Apply Our Proven Process to Introduce New Strategies. We anticipate continuing to offer new investment strategies over time, on a measured basis, consistent with our past practice, utilizing our proven investment process.


•	Work with Our Strong Consultant Relationships. We believe that we have built strong relationships with the leading investment consulting firms who advise potential institutional clients. Historically, new accounts sourced through consultant-led searches have been a large driver of our inflows and are expected to be a major component of our future inflows.

•

Expand Our Non-U.S. Client Base. In recent years, we have increased our efforts to develop our non-U.S. client base. Through our strong relationships with global consultants, we have been able to accelerate the development of our relationships with their non-U.S. branches. Over time, we aim to achieve growth of this client base through these relationships and by directly calling on the world’s largest institutional investors. We have also sought to expand our non-U.S. base through our relationships with non-U.S. mutual funds and other investment fund advisers. During 2010, we opened a representative office in Melbourne, Australia to more effectively service existing clients and develop new relationships in the geographic area. To date, these marketing efforts have resulted in client relationships in more than fifteen non-U.S. countries, such as the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. As of December 31, 2014, we managed $8.2 billion in separate accounts, commingled funds and sub-advised funds on behalf of non-U.S. clients.

•

Provide Access To Our Strategies Through a Range of Investment Vehicles. Our clients access our investment strategies through a range of investment vehicles, including separately managed accounts, mutual funds that we sub-advise, and certain private placement vehicles and offshore funds that we offer to institutional investors. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we launched three SEC-registered Pzena mutual funds for which we act as investment adviser in an effort to expand the access investors have to our strategies. For more information concerning access to our strategies, see “Our Client Relationships and Distribution Approach” below.

•

Employ Global Team to Deliver Content-Based Information to Clients and Prospects. Our marketing and client service team is currently a team of 18 people, including marketing and client service professionals, associates, and support staff. The marketing and client services professionals are focused geographically, along with one individual focused on the sub-advisory and investment-only defined contribution distribution channels. In addition to our representative office in Melbourne, Australia, we have two professionals dedicated to business development and client service throughout Europe and the Middle East.

Our Investment Team

We believe we have built an investment team that is well-suited to implementing our classic value investment strategy. The members of our investment team have a diverse set of backgrounds, including former corporate management, private equity, management consulting, accounting and Wall Street professionals. Their diverse business backgrounds are instrumental in enabling us to make investments in companies where we would be comfortable owning the entire business for a three- to five-year period. We look beyond temporary earnings shortfalls that result in stock price declines, which may lead others to forego investment opportunities, if we believe the long-term fundamentals of a company remain attractive.

As of December 31, 2014, we had a 24-member investment team. Each member serves as a research analyst, and certain members of the team also have portfolio management responsibilities. There are generally three portfolio managers for each investment strategy. These three managers have joint decision-making responsibility, and each has “veto authority” over all decisions regarding the relevant portfolio. Research analysts have sector and company-level research responsibilities which span all of our investment strategies, including those with a non-U.S. focus. In order to facilitate the professional development of our team, and to keep a fresh perspective on our portfolio companies, our research analysts generally rotate industry coverage every three to four years.

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We follow a collaborative, consensus-oriented approach to making investment decisions, such that all members of our investment team, irrespective of their seniority, can play a significant role in this decision making process. We hold weekly research review meetings attended by all portfolio managers and relevant research analysts, and are open to other employees, at which we openly discuss and debate our findings regarding the normalized earnings power of potential portfolio companies. In addition, we hold daily morning meetings, attended by our portfolio managers, research analysts, portfolio implementation, and client service personnel, in order to review developments in our holdings and set a trading strategy for the day. These meetings are critical for sharing relevant developments and analysis of the companies in our portfolios. We believe that our collaborative culture is attractive to our investment professionals.

Our Investment Strategies

As of December 31, 2014, our approximately $27.7 billion in AUM was invested in a variety of value-oriented investment strategies, representing differing degrees of concentration and capitalization segments of U.S. and non-U.S. markets. The following table describes the largest of our current U.S. and non-U.S. investment strategies, and the allocation of our approximately $27.7 billion in AUM among them, as of December 31, 2014.



Strategy	AUM
	(in billions)
U.S. Strategies
Large Cap Focused Value	$	5.8
Large Cap Expanded Value	5.7
Focused Value	1.8
Small Cap Focused Value	1.3
Mid Cap Expanded Value	1.3
Mid Cap Focused Value	0.5
Other U.S. Strategies	0.4
Non-U.S. Strategies
Global Focused Value	4.1
International (ex-U.S.) Expanded Value	2.4
Global Expanded Value	1.5
Emerging Markets Focused Value	1.1
International (ex-U.S.) Focused Value	1.0
European Focused Value	0.7
Other Non-U.S. Strategies	0.1
Total	$	27.7

We follow the same investment process for each of these strategies. Our investment strategies are distinguished by the market capitalization ranges from which we select securities for their portfolios, which we refer to as each strategy’s investment universe, as well as the regions in which we invest. In addition, the number of holdings typically found in the portfolios of each of our investment strategies may vary, with the Focused Value strategies being more concentrated in fewer positions.

Our largest investment strategies as of December 31, 2014 are further described below.

U.S. Strategies

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Non-U.S. Strategies

We believe that our ability to retain and grow assets has been, and will continue to be, driven primarily by delivering attractive long-term investment results to our clients. We have therefore prioritized, and will continue to prioritize, investment performance over asset accumulation. Where we have deemed it necessary, we have, at times, closed certain products to new investors in order to preserve capacity to effectively implement our concentrated investment strategies for the benefit of existing clients. Currently, all of our investment strategies are open to new investors.

Our Strategy Development Approach

Historically, a major component of our growth has been the development of new strategies. Prior to incubating a new strategy, we perform in-depth research on the potential market for the product, as well as its overall compatibility with our investment expertise. This process involves analysis by our client team, as well as by our investment professionals. We will only launch a new product if we believe that it can add value to a client’s investment portfolio. In the past, as appropriate, we have created partnerships with third parties to enhance the distribution of a strategy or add expertise that we do not have in-house. Prior to marketing a new strategy, we generally incubate the product for a period of one to five years, so that we can test and refine our investment strategy and process before actively marketing the product to our clients.

Furthermore, we continually seek to identify opportunities to extend our investment process into new markets or to apply it in different ways to offer clients additional strategies. We are currently incubating several strategies which we believe may be attractive to our clients in the future.

Our Investment Performance

Since we are long-term fundamental investors, we believe that our investment strategies yield the most benefits and are best evaluated, over a long-term timeframe. For more information on our performance, see “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Operating Results.”

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Advisory Fees

We earn advisory fees on the accounts that we manage for institutional clients, for retail clients which are generally sub-advised mutual funds, and for other investment funds.

On our institutional accounts, we are paid fees according to a schedule which varies by investment strategy. The substantial majority of these accounts pay us management fees pursuant to a schedule in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases. Certain of our clients pay us performance fees according to the performance of their accounts relative to certain agreed-upon benchmarks, which results in a lower base fee, but allows for us to earn higher fees if the relevant investment strategy outperforms the agreed-upon benchmark.

As of December 31, 2014, we sub-advised thirteen SEC-registered mutual funds that each have an initial two-year term and are thereafter subject to annual renewal by each fund’s board of directors pursuant to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”). Ten of these thirteen sub-investment advisory agreements are beyond their initial two-year terms as of December 31, 2014. In addition, we sub-advise sixteen offshore funds. Under these agreements, we are generally paid a management fee according to a schedule, pursuant to which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases. Certain of these funds pay us fixed-rate management fees. Due to the substantially larger account size of certain of these accounts, the average advisory fees we earn on them, as a percentage of assets under management, are lower than the advisory fees we earn on our institutional accounts. The majority of the advisory fees we earn on institutional accounts are based on the value of AUM at a specific date on a quarterly basis. Advisory fees on certain of our institutional accounts, and with respect to all of the mutual funds that we sub-advise, are calculated based on the average of the monthly or daily market value of the account. Advisory fees are also generally adjusted for any cash flows into or out of a portfolio, where the cash flow represents greater than 10% of the value of the portfolio. While a specific group of accounts may use the same fee rate, the method used to calculate the fee according to the fee rate schedule may differ, as described above.

Our Client Relationships and Distribution Approach

As of December 31, 2014, in addition to managing separate accounts on behalf of institutions and acting as sub-investment adviser for SEC-registered mutual funds and offshore funds, we also acted as investment adviser for Pzena-branded SEC-registered mutual funds ("Pzena Mutual Funds"), private placement vehicles, and offshore funds. We believe that strong relationships with our clients are critical to our ability to succeed and to grow our AUM. In building these relationships, we have focused our efforts where we can efficiently access and service large pools of sophisticated clients with our team of dedicated marketing and client service professionals. We distribute our products to institutional and retail clients primarily through the efforts of our internal sales team, who communicate directly with our clients and with the consultants who serve them, as well as through the marketing programs of our sub-investment advisory partners. Since our objective is to attract long-term investors with an investment horizon in excess of three years, our sales and client service efforts focus on educating our investors regarding our disciplined value investment process and philosophy.

Our marketing and client service effort is led by our 18-person business development team, which is responsible for:


•	identifying and marketing to prospective institutional clients;


•	responding to requests for investment management proposals; and


•	developing and maintaining relationships with independent consultants.

Direct Institutional Relationships

Since our inception, we have directly offered institutional investment products to public and corporate pension funds, endowments, foundations and Taft-Hartley plans. Wherever possible, we have sought to develop direct relationships with the largest U.S. institutional investors, a universe we define to include plan sponsors with greater than $300 million in plan assets. Over the past few years, we have focused on expanding our direct calling effort to potential institutional clients outside of the United States.

Investment Consultants

We estimate that approximately 70% of all retirement plan assets are advised by investment consultants, with a relatively small number of these consultants representing a significant majority of these relationships. As a result of a consistent servicing effort over our history, we have built strong relationships with those consulting firms that we believe are the most important and believe that most of them rate our investment strategies favorably. New accounts sourced through consultant-led searches have been a large driver of our historical growth and are expected to be a major component of our future growth. We seek to develop direct relationships with accounts sourced through consultant-led searches by our ongoing marketing and client service efforts, as described below under “Client Service.”

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Sub-Investment Advisory Distribution

We have established relationships with mutual fund and fund providers domestically and internationally, that offer us opportunities to efficiently access new market segments through sub-investment advisory roles. The funds that we sub-advise are generally either multi-manager funds, in which we manage only a portion of the fund's portfolio, or funds for which we are the sole sub-adviser.

We currently sub-advise four funds that are advised by The Vanguard Group. We manage a portion of each of the Vanguard Windsor Fund, Vanguard Selected Value Fund, and Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund, and are the sole sub-adviser of the Vanguard U.S. Fundamental Value Fund. As of December 31, 2014, these four funds represented $6.9 billion, or 25.0%, of our AUM. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, approximately 9.4%, 6.9%, and 3.1%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated from our sub-investment advisory agreements with The Vanguard Group.

We sub-advise a mutual fund that is advised by John Hancock Advisers, namely the John Hancock Classic Value Fund. As of December 31, 2014, this fund represented $2.7 billion, or 9.6%, of our AUM. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 approximately 7.6%, 7.7%, and 7.0%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated from our sub-investment advisory agreement with John Hancock Advisers.

Pzena Funds

U.S. investors that do not meet our minimum account size for a separate account, or who otherwise prefer to invest through a mutual fund, can invest in certain of our strategies through our Pzena Mutual Funds, which were launched during 2014. We act as investment adviser to each of three Pzena Mutual Funds: the Pzena Emerging Markets Focused Value Fund, Pzena Long/Short Value Fund, and Pzena Mid Cap Focused Value Fund that offer no-load, open-end share classes designed to meet the needs of a range of institutional and other investors.

In addition, we serve as investment manager and promoter of Pzena Value Funds plc and its respective sub-funds, a family of Irish-based UCITS funds. Pzena Value Funds plc began operations in 2005 and offers shares to non-U.S. investors. We currently offer a sub-fund corresponding to our Emerging Markets Focused Value, Global Expanded Value, Global Focused Value, and Large Cap Expanded Value strategies.

We also offer access to certain of our Global and non-U.S. strategies through private placement vehicles and collective investment trusts.

We generally earn investment management fees based on average daily net assets of each fund for serving as investment adviser to these funds.

Client Service

Our client service team’s efforts are instrumental to maintaining our direct relationships with institutional and individual separate account clients, and developing direct relationships with separate accounts sourced through consultant-led searches. We have a dedicated client service team, which is primarily responsible for addressing all ongoing client needs, including periodic updates and reporting requirements. Our business development team assists in providing ongoing client service to existing institutional accounts. Our institutional distribution, sales and client service efforts are also supported, as necessary, by members of our investment team.

Our client service team consists of individuals with both general business backgrounds and investment research experience. Our client service team members are fully integrated into our research team, attending both research and company management meetings to ensure our clients receive primary information. As appropriate, we introduce members of our research and portfolio management team into client portfolio reviews to ensure that our clients are exposed to the full breadth of our investment resources. We also provide quarterly reports to our clients in order to share our investment perspectives with them. We additionally meet and hold conference calls regularly with clients to share perspectives on the portfolio and the current investment environment.

Competition

We compete in all aspects of our business with a large number of investment management firms, commercial banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions.

In order to grow our business, we must be able to compete effectively to maintain existing AUM and attract additional AUM. Historically, we have competed for AUM principally on the basis of:


•	the performance of our investment strategies;

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•	our clients’ perceptions of our drive, focus and alignment of our interests with theirs;


•	the quality of the service we provide to our clients and the duration of our relationships with them;


•	our brand recognition and reputation within the investing community;


•	the range of strategies and investment vehicles we offer; and


•	the level of advisory fees we charge for our investment management services.

Our ability to continue to compete effectively will also depend upon our ability to attract highly qualified investment professionals and retain our existing employees. For additional information concerning the competitive risks that we face, see “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — The investment management business is intensely competitive.”

Employees

At December 31, 2014, we had 81 full-time employees, consisting of 26 research department personnel; 3 traders; 18 client service and marketing personnel; 19 employees in operations; and 15 legal, compliance and finance personnel.

Available Information

We maintain a website at www.pzena.com and provide information on our Pzena Mutual Funds at www.pzenafunds.com. The contents of our website are not part of, nor are they incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report.

We make available through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, as well as amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. To retrieve these reports, and any amendments thereto, visit the Investor Relations section of our website.

Regulatory Environment and Compliance

Our business is subject to extensive regulation in the United States at both the federal and state level, as well as by self-regulatory organizations. Under these laws and regulations, agencies that regulate investment advisers have broad administrative powers, including the power to limit, restrict or prohibit an investment adviser from carrying on its business in the event that it fails to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions that may be imposed include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in certain lines of business for specified periods of time, revocation of investment adviser and other registrations, censures and fines.

SEC Regulation

Our operating company, Pzena Investment Management, LLC, is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a registered investment adviser, it is subject to the requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the Investment Advisers Act, and the SEC’s regulations thereunder, as well as to examination by the SEC’s staff. The Investment Advisers Act imposes substantive regulation on virtually all aspects of our business and our relationships with our clients. Applicable requirements relate to, among other things, fiduciary duties to clients, engaging in transactions with clients, maintaining an effective compliance program, performance fees, solicitation arrangements, conflicts of interest, advertising, recordkeeping, reporting and disclosure requirements. Thirteen of the U.S. funds for which Pzena Investment Management, LLC acts as the sub-investment adviser and three of the U.S. funds for which Pzena Investment Management, LLC acts as investment adviser, are registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act. The Investment Company Act imposes additional obligations, including detailed operational requirements for both the funds and their advisers. Moreover, the Investment Company Act requires that an investment adviser’s contract with a registered fund may be terminated by the fund on not more than 60 days’ notice, and is subject to annual renewal by the fund’s board after an initial two-year term. Both the Investment Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act regulate the “assignment” of advisory contracts by the investment adviser. The SEC is authorized to institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations of the Investment Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act, ranging from fines and censures to termination of an investment adviser’s registration. The failure of Pzena Investment Management, LLC, or the registered funds for which Pzena Investment Management, LLC acts as sub-investment adviser, to comply with the requirements of the SEC could have a material adverse effect on us.

Pzena Financial Services, LLC, our SEC registered broker-dealer subsidiary, is subject to the SEC's Uniform Net Capital Rule, which requires that at least a minimum part of a registered broker-dealer's assets be kept in relatively liquid form. At December 31, 2014, Pzena Financial Services, LLC had net capital of $244,496, which was $234,079 in excess of its net capital requirement of $10,417.

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ERISA-Related Regulation

To the extent that Pzena Investment Management, LLC is a “fiduciary” under the Employment Retirement Act of 1974, or ERISA, with respect to benefit plan clients, it is subject to ERISA, and to regulations promulgated thereunder. ERISA and applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries under ERISA, prohibit certain transactions involving ERISA plan clients and provide monetary penalties for violations of these prohibitions. Our failure to comply with these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Foreign Regulation

Pzena Investment Management, LLC currently avails itself of the international adviser exemption in Ontario, Canada. In addition, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is registered as an exempt market dealer in Ontario, Canada. As an exempt adviser, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is only permitted to provide advice in Ontario to certain institutional and high net worth individual clients. As an exempt market dealer, Pzena Investment Management, LLC is permitted to act as a market intermediary for only certain types of trades, and is permitted to market, sell and distribute prospectus-exempt securities to accredited investors. An exempt adviser and market dealer must, upon the request of the Ontario Securities Commission, or OSC, produce all books, papers, documents, records and correspondence relating to its activities in Ontario, and inform the OSC if it becomes the subject of an investigation or disciplinary action by any financial services or securities regulatory authority or self-regulatory authority.

Pzena Investment Management, LLC maintains a representative office in Melbourne, Australia, and maintains an exemption from the Australian Financial Services license requirement under the Corporations Act 2001 of the Commonwealth of Australia.

We operate in various other foreign jurisdictions without registration in reliance upon applicable exemptions under the laws of those jurisdictions.

Compliance

We maintain a Legal and Compliance department with three full-time lawyers, including our General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer. Other members of the department, as well as certain of our other employees, also devote significant time to compliance matters.


ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS

We face a variety of significant and diverse risks, many of which are inherent in our business. Described below are the risks we currently believe could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our primary source of revenue is derived from management fees, which are directly tied to our assets under management. Fluctuations in AUM may directly impact our revenue.

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from management fees paid by our clients, based on a percentage of the market value of our AUM. Any decline and/or significant impairment in AUM may greatly affect our revenue, and could occur due to a variety of factors, including:


•	Poor performance of our strategies: Poor performance of our investment strategies may result in decreased market value of AUM. In addition, underperformance could impact our ability to maintain our existing client base and develop new relationships, both of which could negatively impact AUM.

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Poor market environment: We could expect our business to generate lower revenue in a depressed equities market or general economic downturn. Any decline in the market value of securities held in client portfolios due to such adverse conditions could lower AUM significantly and lead to a decrease in revenue. Investor sentiment in a poor equities market environment could also decrease inflows and increase outflows from our investment strategies in favor of investments perceived as more attractive.


•	Geo-political conditions: As a company that invests in both U.S. and non-U.S. markets, and with a global client base, our business is subject to changing conditions in the global financial markets, and may also be affected by worldwide political, social and economic conditions, any of which could negatively impact AUM.


•	Termination of significant relationships: Our clients can generally terminate our advisory agreements or reduce assets under management upon short notice and for any reason. Investors in the pooled funds that we manage may also

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redeem their investments in the funds at any time without prior notice. As of December 31, 2014, three client relationships represented 41% and 22% of our AUM and revenue, respectively. The termination of any of these relationships and outflow of money from our pooled funds could significantly reduce our revenue, and we may not be able to establish relationships with other clients in order to replace the lost revenue. There can also be no assurance that our agreements with respect to these relationships will remain in place going forward.

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Defined benefit plans are declining: Defined benefit plans are declining as corporate plan sponsors are decreasing their liabilities and shifting employee enrollment to defined contribution plans. We currently do not have significant exposure to the defined contribution market but are actively trying to gain new assets in this market, including through our recently launched Pzena Mutual Funds. There is no guarantee that we will be successful in increasing our penetration of the defined contribution market, which could impact our AUM.

•

Intermediary dependence: New accounts sourced through consultant-led searches have been a large driver of our inflows in the past, and are expected to be a major component of our inflows going forward. We have also established relationships with certain mutual fund providers who have offered us opportunities to access certain market segments through sub-investment advisory roles. Our intermediaries routinely review and evaluate our organization and the services we offer, and poor evaluations may result in client outflows and impact our ability to attract new assets through such intermediaries.


•	Passive strategies have grown substantially in relation to active strategies: During the past decade, investors have generally exhibited a preference for passive investment products, such as index and exchange traded funds, over active strategies managed by asset managers such as ourselves. If this market preference continues our AUM may be negatively impacted.

Market pressures to lower our advisory fees could lead to a decline in our profit and earnings.

Market pressures in recent years have created a trend towards lower fees in the asset management industry and there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current fee structure going forward. Additionally, a shift in the composition of our AUM from higher to lower fee-generating client relationships may result in a decrease in revenue, even if our aggregate level of AUM remains unchanged or increases. A portion of our investment advisory revenue is also derived from performance fees. We generally earn performance fees under certain client agreements according to the performance relative to an agreed-upon benchmark. This fee structure results in a lower base fee but allows for us to earn higher fees if the investment strategy outperforms the benchmark. Some performance-based fee arrangements include high-water mark provisions, which generally provide that if a client account underperforms relative to its performance target, it must gain back such underperformance before we can collect future performance-based fees. Therefore, if we fail to achieve the performance target for a particular period, we may not earn a performance fee for that period and for accounts with a high-water mark provision, our ability to earn future performance fees may be impaired. During fiscal years 2014 and 2013, we earned $3.8 million and $3.9 million in performance fees, respectively. An increase in performance-based fee arrangements with clients could create greater fluctuations in our revenue and earnings.

Increases in our expenses could lead to a decline in our profit margin and increase the volatility of our earnings.

Our expenses are subject to increase based on a variety of factors such as higher operating expenses resulting from product development and expanded marketing efforts; higher compensation expense due to increased headcount and seniority level; and related expenses to meet business and regulatory needs. Some or all of these expenses may remain at higher levels for the foreseeable future, leading to higher costs for our business. Fluctuations in expenses could impact our profit margins and contribute to earnings volatility.

Loss of key employees, and difficulties in attracting qualified investment professionals, could have a material adverse effect on the performance of our strategies, which may lead to a decrease in revenue and profitability.

The success of our business largely depends on the participation of Richard S. Pzena, John P. Goetz, William L. Lipsey, and Michael D. Peterson, our CEO, two Presidents, and Executive Vice President, respectively. Their professional reputations, expertise in investing, and relationships with our clients and within the investing community in the U.S. and abroad are critical to executing our business strategy and attracting and retaining clients. The retention of these individuals is crucial to our future success. There is no guarantee that they will not resign, join our competitors or form a competing company. The terms of the current operating agreement of our operating company restrict each of these individuals from competing with us or soliciting our clients or employees during the term of their employment with us and for a certain period thereafter. The penalty for breach of these restrictive covenants may be the forfeiture of a number of Class B units held by the individual and his permitted transferees as of the earlier of the date of his breach or the termination of his employment. Although we may also seek specific performance of these restrictive covenants, there can be no assurance that we would be successful in obtaining this relief. After this post-employment restrictive period, we may not be able to prohibit them from competing with us or soliciting our clients or

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employees. Furthermore, we do not carry any "key man" insurance that would provide us with proceeds in the event of the death or disability of any of the above mentioned employees.

In addition to the participants mentioned above, our success also depends on our ability to retain the senior members of our investment team and to recruit additional qualified investment professionals. We may not be successful in our efforts to retain and recruit such individuals as the market for investment professionals is extremely competitive. Our portfolio managers possess substantial experience and expertise in classic value investing and maintain significant relationships with our clients. The loss of any of our senior investment professionals could limit our ability to successfully execute our investment approach and to sustain the performance of our investment strategies, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, client relationships and our revenue and earnings.

Future growth of our business may place significant demands on our resources and employees, and may increase our expenses, risks and regulatory oversight.

Future growth of our business may place significant demands on our infrastructure, our investment team and other employees, which may increase our expenses. In addition, we are required to continuously develop our infrastructure in response to the increasing sophistication of the investment management market, as well as compliance with legal and regulatory developments. We may face significant challenges in maintaining and developing: adequate financial and operational controls; implementing new or updated information and financial systems, and procedures and training; and managing and appropriately sizing our work force, and other components of our business on a timely and cost-effective basis. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage the growth of our business effectively, or that we will be able to continue to grow, and any failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and control expenses.

The potential inability of our systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions could also constrain our ability to expand our businesses. In recent years, we have substantially upgraded and expanded the capabilities of our data processing systems and other operating technology, and we expect that we may need to continue to upgrade and expand these capabilities in the future to avoid disruption of, or constraints on, our operations.

We face risks, and corresponding potential costs and expenses, associated with conducting operations and growing our business in numerous countries.

We offer investment management services in many different regulatory jurisdictions around the world, and intend to continue to expand our operations internationally. In order to remain competitive, we must be proactive and prepared to deploy necessary resources when growth opportunities present themselves. The necessary resources and/or personnel may be unavailable to take full advantage of strategic opportunities when they appear, or that strategic decisions can be efficiently implemented. Local regulatory environments may vary widely, as well as the adequacy and sophistication of each. Local requirements or needs may also place additional demands on sales and compliance personnel and resources, such as meeting local requirements and complying with local industry standards. Finding and hiring additional, well-qualified personnel and crafting and adopting policies, procedures and controls to address local or regional requirements remain a challenge as we expand our operations internationally. Moreover, regulators in non-U.S. jurisdictions could also change their policies or laws in a manner that might restrict or otherwise impede our ability to offer our investment products in their respective markets. Any of these local requirements, activities, or needs could increase the costs and expenses we incur in a specific jurisdiction without any corresponding increase in revenue and income from operating in such jurisdiction.

The investment management business is intensely competitive.

Competition in the investment management business is based on a variety of factors, including investment performance; investor perception of an investment manager’s drive, focus and alignment of interests; quality of service provided to clients and duration of client relationships; business reputation; and level of fees charged for services. We compete in all aspects of our business with a large number of investment management firms, commercial banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Our competitive risks are heightened by the fact that some of our competitors may implement investment styles that are viewed more favorably than ours or they may invest in alternative asset classes which the markets may perceive as more attractive than the public equity markets. If we are unable to compete effectively, our revenue could be reduced, and our business could be materially affected.

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A change of control could result in termination of our investment advisory or sub-investment advisory agreements.

Pursuant to the Investment Company Act, each of the investment advisory or sub-investment advisory agreements for the SEC-registered mutual funds that we advise will automatically terminate upon their deemed “assignment,” and a fund’s board and shareholders must approve a new agreement in order for us to continue to act as its investment adviser or sub-investment adviser. In addition, pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act, each of our investment advisory agreements for the separate accounts we manage contains a provision that states that the agreement may not be “assigned” without the consent of the client. An "assignment," pursuant to both the Investment Company Act and the Investment Advisers Act, could be deemed to occur upon a sale or transfer of a controlling block of our voting securities. Such an assignment may be deemed to occur in the event that the holders of the Class B units of our operating company exchange enough of their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock such that they no longer own a controlling interest in us. If such a deemed assignment occurs, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary consents from clients whose assets are managed pursuant to separate accounts, or the necessary approvals from the boards and shareholders of the SEC-registered funds that we sub-advise. An assignment, actual or constructive, would trigger these termination and consent provisions and, unless the necessary approvals and consents are obtained, could adversely affect our ability to continue managing client accounts, resulting in the loss of AUM and a corresponding loss of revenue.

Extensive regulation of our business has been and will be expensive and time consuming, and exposes us to the potential for significant penalties, including fines or limitations on our ability to conduct our business.

We are subject to extensive regulation of our investment management business and operations. As a registered investment adviser, the SEC oversees our activities pursuant to its regulatory authority under the Investment Advisers Act. In addition, we must comply with certain requirements under the Investment Company Act with respect to the SEC-registered funds for which we act as investment adviser or sub-investment adviser. Pzena Financial Services, LLC, our SEC registered broker dealer subsidiary is regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). Each of the regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over us has the authority to regulate various aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and, in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular businesses. Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in fines, censure, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of our registration as an investment adviser. Even if a sanction imposed against us is small in monetary amount, the adverse publicity arising from the imposition of such sanctions by regulators could harm our reputation, result in withdrawal by our clients and/or impede our ability to retain clients and develop new client relationships. As we continue to expand into the international market, we may also be under the regulatory scope of local regulatory authorities and non-compliance with any of these authorities may result in fines, sanctions and inability to operate in that local market.

We also face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extended investigation and surveillance activity, adoption of costly or restrictive new regulations, and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties. The requirements imposed by our regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect customers and other third parties who deal with us, and are not designed to protect our stockholders. Any regulatory and legislative actions and reforms affecting the investment advisory industry may negatively impact earnings by increasing our costs of operations.

In addition, the regulatory environment in which we operate is subject to ongoing modification and further regulation. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“the Dodd-Frank Act”), and regulations to be promulgated pursuant to it, is one such example. Certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act may have unintended consequences on the financial market as a whole that could negatively affect our business.

Changes in tax laws or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

We are subject to income- as well as non-income-based taxes, in both the U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions. We are also subject to potential tax audits in various jurisdictions and in such event, tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken and assess penalties or additional taxes. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these potential audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision; however, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these potential audits. The actual outcomes of these potential audits could have a material impact on our net income or financial condition and any changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially impact our effective tax rate and earnings.

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Certain changes in accounting and/or financial reporting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC or other standard-setting bodies could have a material impact on our financial position or results of our operations.

We are subject to the application of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), which are periodically revised and/or expanded. As such, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting and/or financial reporting standards issued by recognized accounting standard setters or regulators, such as the FASB and the SEC.

In addition, the FASB is currently working with the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) to converge certain accounting principles and to facilitate more comparable financial reporting between companies that are required to follow GAAP and those that are required to follow International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). These projects may result in different accounting principles under GAAP, which may have a material impact on the way in which we report financial results.

Inadequate business continuity plans could lead to material financial loss, reputational harm and inability to continue business.

We rely heavily on our financial, accounting, trading, compliance and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of these systems, whether caused by natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, act of terrorism or war or otherwise, could result in a disruption of our business, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, and thus materially adversely affect our business. The back-up systems that we have in place and other protective measures that we have taken may not be adequate in the event of a failure or interruption.

We depend on our headquarters in New York City for the continued operation of our business. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our business, or directly affecting our headquarters, may have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. We have a detailed business continuity plan in place that is tested on a quarterly basis, but there can be no assurance that this plan will be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption.

Any significant security breach of our software applications, technology or other systems critical to our operations, may disrupt our business or cause us to lose sensitive and confidential information which in turn may cause reputational and financial harm.

We are dependent on the effectiveness of our information and cyber security policies, procedures and capabilities to protect our computer and telecommunications systems and the data that resides in or is transmitted through them. As part of our normal operations, we maintain and transmit confidential information about our clients as well as proprietary information relating to our business operations. We maintain a system of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that fraudulent activity, including misappropriation of assets, fraudulent financial reporting, and unauthorized access to sensitive or confidential data is either prevented or detected in a timely manner. Our information technology systems may still be vulnerable to unauthorized access or may be corrupted by cyber-attacks, computer viruses or other malicious software code, or authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information. Although we take precautions to password protect and/or encrypt our electronic hardware, if such hardware is stolen, misplaced or left unattended, it may become vulnerable to hacking or other unauthorized use, creating a possible security risk and resulting in potentially costly consequences to us. A breach of our technology systems could result in the loss of valuable information, liability for stolen assets or information, remediation costs to repair damage caused by the breach, additional security costs to mitigate against future incidents and legal costs resulting from the incident. Moreover, loss of confidential customer information could harm our reputation, result in the termination of contracts by our existing customers and subject us to liability under laws that protect confidential data, resulting in loss of revenue.

Operational risk, such as trade errors or system limitations or failures, may create significant financial impact to us, hamper future growth and cause potential reputational harm.

We face potential operational risk from our management of client assets and daily business. Risks include errors that may occur during the execution, confirmation or settlement phase of transactions and such errors may cause material financial loss, which in turn may cause material financial and reputational harm to us. We also face the potential of inaccurate recording of transactions in our internal systems, caused by human error, system limitations or system malfunctions. Such errors may involve client and public reporting, execution, confirmation and settlement of trades, and billing. The potential for operational risk could have significant regulatory, financial or reputational impact. There can be no assurance that all risks and errors can be prevented.

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The investment management industry faces substantial litigation risks which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations or cause significant reputational harm to us.

We depend to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation for integrity and high-caliber professional services to attract and retain clients. As a result, dissatisfaction with our services could be more damaging to our business than to other types of businesses. If our clients suffer significant losses, or are otherwise dissatisfied with our services, such as for breach of trading guidelines and/or perceived conflicts of interest, we could be subject to the risk of legal liabilities or actions alleging negligent misconduct, breach of fiduciary duty, or breach of contract. These risks are often difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. We may incur significant legal expenses in defending against litigation. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or cause significant reputational harm to us.

Insurance coverage may not protect us from all of the liabilities that could arise from the risks inherent in our business.

We maintain insurance coverage focused on reducing potential losses related to our operations. We purchase insurance in amounts, and against risks, that we consider appropriate. There can be no assurance, however, that a claim or claims will be completely covered by insurance or, if covered at all, will not exceed the limits of our existing insurance coverage. If a loss occurs that is partially or completely uninsured, we may be exposed to substantial liability. Insurance costs are impacted by market conditions and our risk profile, and may increase significantly over relatively short periods. Renewals of insurance policies may result in additional costs through higher premiums or the assumption of higher deductibles or co-insurance liability. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses in the event our business continuity plan fails and our operations are significantly disrupted.

Our non-US holdings consist primarily of investments in the securities of issuers located outside of the United States, which may involve foreign currency exchange, political, social and economic uncertainties and risks.

Our international strategies, which together represented $10.9 billion and $9.9 billion of our AUM as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are primarily invested in securities of companies located outside the United States. Investments in non-U.S. issuers may be affected by political, social and economic uncertainty affecting a country or region in which we are invested. Many emerging financial markets are not as developed, or as efficient, as the U.S. financial market, and, as a result, liquidity may be reduced and price volatility may increase. The legal and regulatory environments, including financial accounting standards and practices, may also be different, and there may be less publicly available information in respect of such companies. These risks could adversely impact the performance of our strategies that are invested in securities of non-U.S. issuers. In addition, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may affect investment return and AUM since we do not engage in currency hedging for these portfolios. Due to these factors, our AUM may fluctuate from one reporting period to another causing volatility in earnings.

Risks Related to Our Investment Strategies

Our classic value investment style subjects us to the risk that the companies in which we invest may not achieve the level of earnings recovery that we initially expect, or at all.

We generally invest in companies after they have experienced, or are expected by the market to soon experience, a shortfall in their historic earnings, due to an adverse business development, management error, accounting scandal or other disruption, and before there is clear evidence of earnings recovery or business momentum. While investors are generally less willing to invest when companies lack earnings visibility, our classic value investment approach seeks to capture the return that can be obtained by investing in a company before the market has confidence in its ability to achieve earnings recovery. However, our investment approach entails the risk that the companies included in our portfolios are not able to execute as we had expected when we originally invested in them, thereby reducing the performance of our strategies. Since our positions in these investments are often substantial, there is the risk that we may be unable to find willing purchasers for our investments when we decide to sell them.

Since we apply the same investment process across all of our investment strategies, utilizing one analyst team, and given the overlapping universes of many of our investment strategies, we could have common positions and industry or sector concentrations across many of our investment strategies at the same time. As such, factors leading one of our investment strategies to underperform may lead other strategies to underperform simultaneously.

Our investment approach may underperform other investment approaches during certain market conditions.

Our products are best suited for investors with long-term investment horizons. In accordance with our classic value investment approach, we typically hold securities for an average of three to five years. Our investment strategies may not

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perform well during certain periods of time. For example, the disruption in the global credit markets and the deterioration of the economy and the financial markets beginning in the second half of 2007, and continuing through early 2009, created difficult conditions for most companies, including many of those in which we invest. In addition, our strategies may not perform well during points in the economic cycle when value-oriented stocks are relatively less attractive. For instance, during the late stages of an economic cycle, investors may purchase relatively expensive stocks in order to obtain access to above average growth, as was the case in the late 1990s. Value-oriented strategies may also experience weakness during periods when the markets are focused on one investment thesis or sector.

Even when securities prices are rising generally, portfolio performance can be affected by our investment approach. The classic value approach has outperformed the market in some economic and market environments and underperformed it in others. In particular, a prolonged period in which the growth style of investing outperforms the value style may cause our investment strategy to go out of favor with clients, consultants and sub-advised relationships. Our investment strategy may be less favored during certain time periods for other reasons as well, including due to perceived riskiness or volatility of our approach. Poor performance relative to peers, coupled with changes in personnel, extensive periods in particular market environments, or other difficulties may result in a decline in our AUM.

Our investment process requires us to conduct extensive fundamental research on any company before investing, which may result in missed investment opportunities and reduce the performance of our investment strategies.

We take a considerable amount of time to complete the in-depth research projects that our investment process requires before adding any security to our portfolio. Our process requires that we take this time to understand the company and the business well enough to make an informed decision as to whether we are willing to own a significant position in a company that does not yet have earnings visibility. However, the time we take to make this judgment may cause us to miss the opportunity to invest in a company that has a sharp and rapid earnings recovery. Any such missed investment opportunities could adversely impact the performance of our investment strategies.

Risks Related to Our Structure

We are dependent upon distributions from our operating company to make distributions to our Class A stockholders, and to pay taxes and other expenses.

We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our ownership of membership units of our operating company. We have no independent means of generating revenue and cash flow. Our operating company is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, is not itself subject to U.S. federal income tax. Instead, its taxable income is allocated to its members, including us, pro-rata according to the number of membership units each member owns. Accordingly, we incur income taxes on our proportionate share of any taxable income of our operating company. We also incur expenses related to our operations. We intend to have our operating company distribute cash to its members in an amount at least equal to that necessary to cover their tax liabilities, if any, with respect to the earnings of our operating company. To the extent we need funds to pay our tax or other liabilities or to fund our operations, and our operating company is restricted from making distributions to us under applicable laws or regulations, or contractual restrictions, or does not have sufficient earnings to make these distributions, we may have to borrow funds to meet these obligations and run our business and, thus, our liquidity and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. There can be no assurance that funds will be available to borrow under such circumstances on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

We are required to pay most of the tax benefit of any amortization deductions we may claim as a result of the tax basis step up we receive in connection with the sales of membership units and any future exchanges of Class B units and this tax treatment could be challenged by tax authorities.

As part of the reorganization we implemented with our initial public offering ("IPO"), we purchased membership units of our operating company from three of its members (the "Selling Members"). In addition, holders of Class B units may, at least once each year, exchange their Class B units of our operating company for shares of our Class A common stock. These purchases and subsequent exchanges have resulted, and are expected to continue to result, in increases in our share of the tax basis in the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company that otherwise would not have been available. These increases in tax basis have reduced, and are expected to continue to reduce, the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future, although the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") might challenge all or part of this tax basis increase, and a court might sustain such a challenge.

Pursuant to a tax receivable agreement dated October 30, 2007, among the Selling Members, all holders of Class B units after our IPO, and us, we are required to pay the Selling Members, and any holders of Class B units who elect to exchange their Class B units for shares of our Class A common stock, 85% of the amount of the cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and

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local income tax that we realize as a result of the increases in amortizable tax basis due to the sale to us of their membership units. The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under this agreement, may vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of our income, and the tax rates then applicable. Payments under the tax receivable agreement are expected to give rise to certain additional tax benefits attributable to further increases in basis. Any such benefits are covered by the tax receivable agreement and may increase the amounts due thereunder. We expect that, as a result of the size and increases in our share of the tax basis in the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company attributable to our interest therein, the payments that we may make to these members likely may be substantial.

If we exercise our right to terminate the tax receivable agreement early, we may be obligated to make an early termination payment to the selling and converting shareholders, based upon the net present value of all payments that would be required to be paid by us. If certain change of control events were to occur, we would also be obligated to make an early termination payment.

Were the IRS to successfully challenge the tax basis increases described above, we would not be reimbursed for any payments made under the tax receivable agreement. As a result, in certain circumstances, we could be required to make payments under the tax receivable agreement in excess of our cash tax savings.

Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock

The market price and trading volume of our Class A common stock may be volatile, which could result in rapid and substantial losses for our stockholders.

The market price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume of our Class A common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our Class A common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares of our Class A common stock at or above your purchase price, if at all. We cannot assure you that the market price of our Class A common stock may not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.

The market price of our Class A common stock could decline due to the large number of shares of our Class A common stock eligible for future sale upon the exchange of Class B units of our operating company.

Pursuant to the operating agreement of our operating company, on at least one date designated by us each year, certain holders of Class B units may exchange up to 15% of certain of their Class B units for an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock, subject to certain restrictions and conditions set forth in the operating agreement. Also, since 2011, the non-employee members of our operating company may exchange all of their vested Class B units, in accordance with the timing restrictions set forth in the operating agreement.

Pursuant to the resale and registration rights agreement, dated October 30, 2007, among the holders of Class B units and us, on at least one date designated by us each year these holders may resell the shares of Class A common stock issued to them upon the exchange of up to 15% of certain of their Class B units, or, in the case of non-employee members, all of their Class B units.

We have shelf registration statements filed with the SEC which register shares of our Class A common stock for resale, as well as for issuance in exchange for Class B units of our operating company. We also have an effective shelf registration statement for the potential primary offering of certain classes of securities. On February 17, 2009, the SEC declared effective our shelf registration statement on Form S-3, in which we registered 57,937,910 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance upon the exchange of an equivalent number of vested Class B units of the operating company. On January 27, 2012, the SEC declared effective a registration statement on Form S-3 which registers the resale of 40,114,701 shares of our Class A common stock by the selling stockholders named therein. On March 20, 2013, the SEC declared effective a registration statement on Form S-3, in which we registered 529,590 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance upon the exchange of an equivalent number of vested Class B units of the operating company. On April 30, 2014, the SEC declared effective a registration statement on Form S-3 which, among other things, registers up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $150,000,000 of our securities. The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales pursuant to the Form S-3 registration statements, or the perception that such sales could occur.

During 2014, we established July 31, 2014 as an exchange date. Certain employee members, non-employee members and permitted transferees of one of our executive officers, elected to exchange an aggregate of 1,150,060 of their Class B units for an equivalent number of shares of our Class A common stock, which, with the exception of those held by these permitted transferees, are freely tradable.

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Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could discourage a change of control that our stockholders may favor, which could also adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may make it more difficult and expensive for a third party to acquire control of us, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our stockholders. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of our preferred stock and to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of unissued series of our preferred stock, each without any vote or action by our stockholders. We could issue a series of preferred stock to impede the consummation of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. The anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws may impede takeover attempts, or other transactions, that may be in the best interests of our stockholders and, in particular, our Class A stockholders. In addition, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected to the extent that provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws discourage potential takeover attempts, or other transactions, that our stockholders may favor.

The disparity in the voting rights among the classes of our common stock may have a potential adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock and may give rise to conflicts of interest.

Our Class B stockholders collectively hold approximately 95.3% of the combined voting power of our common stock. These stockholders consist of four of our named executive officers, 32 of our other employees, certain other members of our operating company, including one of our directors and his related entities, and former employees. Holders of shares of our Class B common stock have entered into a Class B Stockholders’ Agreement with respect to all shares of Class B common stock then held by them and any additional shares of Class B common stock they may acquire in the future. Pursuant to this agreement, they may vote these shares of Class B common stock together on all matters submitted to a vote of our common stockholders. To the extent that we cause our operating company to issue additional Class B units, which may be granted, subject to vesting, to our employees pursuant to the PIM LLC 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, these employees will be entitled to receive an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock, subject to the condition that they agree to enter into this Class B Stockholders’ Agreement. Each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to five votes per share for so long as the Class B stockholders collectively hold 20% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding. When a Class B unit is exchanged for a share of our Class A common stock, an unvested Class B unit is forfeited due to the employee holder’s failure to satisfy the conditions of the award agreement pursuant to which it was granted, or any Class B unit is forfeited as a result of a breach of any restrictive covenants contained in our operating company’s amended and restated operating agreement, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will automatically be redeemed by us.

For so long as our Class B stockholders hold at least 20% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding, they will be able to elect all of the members of our Board of Directors and thereby control our management and affairs, including determinations with respect to acquisitions, dispositions, borrowings, issuances of securities, and the declaration and payment of dividends. In addition, they will be able to determine the outcome of all matters requiring approval of stockholders, and will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of our Company or a change in the composition of our Board of Directors, and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our Company. Our Class B stockholders have the ability to prevent the consummation of mergers, takeovers or other transactions that may be in the best interests of our Class A stockholders. In particular, this concentration of voting power could deprive Class A stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares of Class A common stock as part of a sale of our company, and could ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. This difference in voting rights could adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock to the extent that investors view, or any potential future purchaser of our company views, the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock to have more value.

Our ability to pay dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law.

We currently intend to pay cash dividends on a quarterly basis. However, our Board of Directors may, in its discretion, decrease the level of dividends, or discontinue the payment of dividends entirely. In addition, as a holding company, we depend upon the ability of Pzena Investment Management, LLC to generate earnings and cash flows and distribute them to us so that we may pay our obligations and expenses and pay dividends to our stockholders. We expect to cause Pzena Investment Management, LLC to make distributions to its members, including us. However, the ability of Pzena Investment Management, LLC to make such distributions is subject to its operating results, cash requirements and financial condition, and applicable Delaware laws (which may limit the amount of funds available for distribution to its members), as well as any contractual restrictions. If, as a consequence of these various limitations and restrictions, we are unable to generate sufficient distributions from our business, we may not be able to make, or may have to reduce or eliminate, the payment of dividends on our Class A

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common stock. Because of these various limitations and restrictions, we have, in the past, had to suspend our quarterly dividend payment. See “Item 5 — Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities — Our Dividend Policy.”


ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.


ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES

As of the date of this Annual Report, our corporate headquarters and principal offices are located at 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, where we occupy approximately 25,000 square feet out of 35,000 square feet of space under our non-cancellable operating lease, the term of which expires in October 2015. In 2011, we entered into a non-cancellable sublease agreement for approximately 10,000 square feet of excess office space associated with this operating lease.

On June 13, 2014, we entered into a lease agreement with Mutual of America Life Insurance Company providing for an operating lease expiring on December 31, 2025 to occupy the entire 8th floor of 320 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022 which will become our new corporate headquarters. The term of the lease commenced on October 10, 2014. We plan to move to our new corporate headquarters during the second quarter of 2015.


ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, we may be subject to various legal and administrative proceedings.

Currently, there are no material legal proceedings pending against us.


ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

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PART II.


ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our Class A common stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “PZN”. As of March 9, 2015, there were approximately 32 record holders of our Class A common stock and 78 record holders of our Class B common shares. These numbers do not include shareholders who hold their shares through one or more intermediaries, such as banks, brokers or depositories.

The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sales prices of our Class A common stock on the NYSE for the periods indicated and dividends declared during such periods.



	2014						2013
Quarter	High		Low		Dividends Declared Per Share		High		Low		Dividends Declared Per Share
Quarter Ended March 31	$	12.73	$	9.89	$	0.26	$	7.19	$	5.22	$	0.16
Quarter Ended June 30	$	12.68	$	9.02	$	0.03	$	7.05	$	5.43	$	0.03
Quarter Ended September 30	$	11.30	$	9.04	$	0.03	$	7.49	$	6.34	$	0.03
Quarter Ended December 31	$	10.58	$	8.32	$	0.03	$	11.87	$	6.44	$	0.03

Our Dividend Policy

Our Board of Directors has targeted a cash dividend payout ratio of approximately 70% to 80% of annual non-GAAP net income, subject to growth initiatives and other funding needs. We use non-GAAP measures, discussed in further detail in “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation — Non-GAAP Net Income” in Part II of this Annual Report to assess the strength of the underlying operations of the business. We believe non-GAAP measures provide information to better analyze our operations between periods, and over time. As a holding company, we have no material assets other than our ownership of membership interests in our operating company. As a result, we depend upon distributions from our operating company to pay any dividends that our Board of Directors may declare to be paid to our Class A common stockholders, if any. When and if our Board of Directors declares any such dividends, we then cause our operating company to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover the dividends declared. We may not pay dividends to our Class A common stockholders in amounts that have been paid to them in the past, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay our intended dividends, or any of our financing facilities or other agreements restrict us from doing so. To the extent we do not have cash on hand sufficient to pay dividends in the future, we may decide not to pay dividends. By paying cash dividends rather than investing that cash in our future growth, we risk slowing the pace of our growth, or not having a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or unanticipated capital expenditures, should the need arise.

Our ability to pay dividends is subject to Board of Director discretion and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock-Our ability to pay dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law.”

Recent Issuances of Unregistered Securities

In 2014, in connection with new employee member grants and year-end compensation, we issued an aggregate of 695,331 Class B units of our operating company, and the related 695,331 shares of Class B common stock to employee members. Certain of these Class B Units, referred to as Delayed Exchange Class B Units, vest immediately upon the date of grant and have the right to receive dividend payments; however, they cannot be exchanged for shares of the Company's Class A common stock until seven years after the date of grant, and do not carry rights associated with the tax receivable agreement. In addition, we awarded an aggregate of 102,110 Phantom Class B units, which vest ratably over ten years beginning on the date of grant, are subject to continued employment with us, and are not entitled to receive dividends or dividend equivalents until vested. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-13 of this Annual Report for a more detailed description of the Delayed Exchange and Phantom Class B units.

Further, in connection with the vesting of certain employee members' mandatory deferred compensation, in 2014 we issued 54,984 Class B units of the operating company and the related 54,984 shares of Class B common stock. For a description of the Bonus Plan, see “Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters — Bonus Plan.”

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The exercise of options to acquire an aggregate of 159,602 Class B units of our operating company by certain employee members, resulted in the issuance of 95,199 Class B units after the redemption of 64,403 Class B units for the cashless exercise of the options.

In 2014, a total of 423,236 Class B units were issued to various employee members in connection with the vesting of their Phantom Class B units granted in prior years.

Furthermore, in 2014, we issued an aggregate of 31,507 shares of Phantom Class A common stock to our non-employee directors, see “Item 11 — Executive Compensation — 2014 Non-Employee Director Compensation.”

The issuances described above did not involve any public offering, general advertising or general solicitation. If certificates were issued to represent the securities, they bear a restrictive legend. On the basis of these facts, the securities were issued in a transaction not involving a public offering and were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock over the five-year period ending December 31, 2014, with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500® and the SNL Asset Manager Index*. The graph assumes the investment of $100 in our common stock, and in each of the two indices, on December 31, 2009 and the reinvestment of all dividends, if any.



	Period Ending
Index	2009		2010		2011		2012		2013		2014
Pzena Investment Management, Inc.	$	100.00	$	93.26	$	56.15	$	73.40	$	165.23	$	136.70
SNL Asset Manager Index*	$	100.00	$	115.11	$	99.57	$	127.75	$	195.30	$	206.04
S&P 500 Index	$	100.00	$	115.06	$	117.49	$	136.30	$	180.42	$	204.81



*	The SNL Asset Manager Index is comprised of the securities of 41 publicly traded asset management companies.

In accordance with the rules of the SEC, this section entitled “Performance Graph” shall not be incorporated by reference into any future filings by us under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and shall not be deemed to be soliciting material or to be filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers



Period	(a) Total Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock Purchased	(b) Average Price Paid per Share of Class A Common Stock		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs⁽¹⁾	(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs⁽²⁾
					(in millions)
October 1, 2014 through October 31, 2014	85,716	$	9.62	85,716	$	20.6
November 1, 2014 through November 30, 2014	160,472	9.56		160,472	19.0
December 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014	17,872	8.85		17,872	18.5
Total	264,060	$	9.53	264,060	$	18.5

(1)

Our share repurchase program was announced on April 24, 2012. The Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase an aggregate of $10.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock, and Class B units of the operating company, on the open market and in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. On February 5, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase an additional $20.0 million of our outstanding Class A common stock and Class B units of the operating company. The timing, number, and value of common shares and units repurchased are subject to our discretion. Our share repurchase program is not subject to an expiration date and may be suspended, discontinued, or modified at any time, or for any reason.

(2)

The dollar amount in the column entitled "Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs," reflects the remainder of the program and also reflects the repurchase of 38,364 of the operating company's Class B units during December 2014 for an average price of $9.39 per unit. Class B units are repurchased at fair value determined by reference to our Class A common stock on the date of the transaction since Class B units are exchangeable for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

For certain information concerning securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, see “Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters — Equity Compensation Plan Information.”


ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth selected historical consolidated financial data of Pzena Investment Management, Inc. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 and the selected consolidated statements of financial condition data as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, have been derived from Pzena Investment Management, Inc.’s audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the selected consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, have been derived from Pzena Investment Management, Inc.’s audited consolidated financial statements not included in this report.

You should read the following selected historical consolidated financial data together with “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report.

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	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012			2011			2010
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Statements of Operations Data:
REVENUE
Management Fees	$	108,675		$	91,866		$	75,980		$	79,230		$	77,025
Performance Fees	3,836			3,903			300			3,815			500
Total Revenue	112,511			95,769			76,280			83,045			77,525
EXPENSES
Cash Compensation and Benefits	32,396			31,374			28,690			29,518			25,895
Other Non-Cash Compensation	8,877			5,448			3,065			5,047			3,653
Total Compensation and Benefits Expense	41,273			36,822			31,755			34,565			29,548
General and Administrative Expenses	10,285			8,099			7,346			10,626			8,007
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES	51,558			44,921			39,101			45,191			37,555
Operating Income	60,953			50,848			37,179			37,854			39,970
Other Income/(Expense)	(4,036		)	(1,821		)	(863		)	(1,466		)	(2,744		)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	56,917			49,027			36,316			36,388			37,226
Income Tax Provision/(Benefit)	1,883			589			1,911			3,145			741
Consolidated Net Income	55,034			48,438			34,405			33,243			36,485
Less: Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests.	46,934			41,768			30,565			29,861			32,674
NET INCOME/(LOSS) Attributable to Pzena Investment Management, Inc.	$	8,100		$	6,670		$	3,840		$	3,382		$	3,811
Per Share Data⁽¹⁾:
Net Income/(Loss) for Basic Earnings per Share	$	8,100		$	6,670		$	3,840		$	3,382		$	3,811
Basic Earnings/(Loss) per Share	$	0.64		$	0.56		$	0.36		$	0.34		$	0.41
Basic Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	12,628,676			11,990,757			10,787,540			9,972,978			9,186,520
Net Income/(Loss) for Diluted Earnings per Share	$	35,685		$	30,317		$	20,821		$	20,631		$	22,419
Diluted Earnings/(Loss) per Share	$	0.53		$	0.45		$	0.32		$	0.32		$	0.34
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding	67,797,524			66,759,840			65,491,273			65,095,797			64,985,753
Cash Dividends Declared Per Share	$	0.35		$	0.25		$	0.28		$	0.12		$	0.24


(1)	The operating company issues Class B units that have non-forfeitable dividend rights. Under the “two-class method”, these units are considered participating securities and are required to be included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012		2011		2010
	(in thousands)
Statements of Financial Condition Data:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	39,109	$	33,878	$	32,645	$	35,083	$	16,381
TOTAL ASSETS	111,886		80,213		64,679		66,678		48,402
TOTAL LIABILITIES	26,853		21,664		16,713		20,454		14,606
Non-Controlling Interests	66,632		42,187		33,397		32,287		23,224
EQUITY	18,401		16,362		14,569		13,937		10,572

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ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We are a public-equity investment management firm that utilizes a classic value investment approach across all of our investment strategies. We currently manage assets in a variety of value-oriented investment strategies across a wide range of market capitalizations in both U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets. At December 31, 2014, our assets under management, or AUM, was $27.7 billion. We manage separate accounts on behalf of institutions, act as sub-investment adviser for a variety of SEC-registered mutual funds and non-U.S. funds, and act as investment adviser for the Pzena Mutual Funds, certain private placement funds and non-U.S. funds.

We function as the sole managing member of our operating company, Pzena Investment Management, LLC (the “operating company”). As a result, we: (i) consolidate the financial results of our operating company with our own, and reflect the membership interest in it that we do not own as a non-controlling interest in our consolidated financial statements; and (ii) recognize income generated from our economic interest in our operating company’s net income. As of December 31, 2014, the holders of our Class A common stock and the holders of Class B units of our operating company held approximately 19.8% and 80.2%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of our business.

Non-GAAP Net Income

Our results for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 included recurring adjustments related to our tax receivable agreement and the associated liability to its selling and converting shareholders, in addition to adjustments related to certain non-recurring charges recognized in operating expense in the fourth quarter of 2014. We believe that these accounting adjustments add a measure of non-operational complexity which partially obscures the underlying performance of our business. In evaluating our financial condition and results of operations, we also review certain non-GAAP measures of net income, which exclude these items. Excluding these adjustments, non-GAAP diluted net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share were $34.5 million and $0.51, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2014, $29.3 million and $0.44, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013, and $20.4 million and $0.31, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2012. GAAP and non-GAAP net income for diluted earnings per share generally assumes all operating company membership units are converted into Company stock at the beginning of the reporting period, and the resulting change to our net income associated with our increased interest in the operating company is taxed at our historical effective tax rate, exclusive of other adjustments, the adjustments related to our tax receivable agreement and the associated liability to selling and converting shareholders, and adjustments related to the non-recurring charges recognized in operating expense in the fourth quarter of 2014. Our effective tax rate, exclusive of these adjustments, was 41.3% for the year ended December 31, 2014, and approximately 41.7% and 42.9% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. See “Operating Results — Income Tax Expense” below.

We use these non-GAAP measures to assess the strength of the underlying operations of the business. We believe that these adjustments, and the non-GAAP measures derived from them, provide information to better analyze our operations between periods, and over time. Investors should consider these non-GAAP measures in addition to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

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A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures is included below:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
GAAP Net Income	$	8,100		$	6,670		$	3,840
Net Effect of Non-Recurring Lease Expenses	35			—			—
Net Effect of Tax Receivable Agreement	(1,392		)	(989		)	(421		)
Non-GAAP Net Income	$	6,743		$	5,681		$	3,419
GAAP Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest of Pzena Investment Management, LLC	$	47,026		$	40,533		$	29,711
Effect of Non-Recurring Lease Expenses	313			—			—
Non-GAAP Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest of Pzena Investment Management, LLC	47,339			40,533			29,711
Less: Assumed Corporate Income Taxes	19,570			16,886			12,730
Assumed After-Tax Income of Pzena Investment Management, LLC	27,769			23,647			16,981
Non-GAAP Net Income of Pzena Investment Management, Inc.	6,743			5,681			3,419
Non-GAAP Diluted Net Income	$	34,512		$	29,328		$	20,400
Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings Per Share Attributable to Pzena Investment Management, Inc. Common Stockholders:
Non-GAAP Net Income for Diluted Earnings per Share	$	34,512		$	29,328		$	20,400
Non-GAAP Diluted Earnings Per Share	$	0.51		$	0.44		$	0.31
Non-GAAP Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding	67,797,524			66,759,840			65,491,273

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily from management fees and performance fees, which we collectively refer to as our advisory fees, by managing assets on behalf of institutional accounts and for retail clients, which are generally open-end mutual funds catering primarily to retail investors. Our advisory fee income is recognized over the period in which investment management services are provided. Following the preferred method identified in the Revenue Recognition Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”), income from performance fees is recorded at the conclusion of the contractual performance period, when all contingencies are resolved.

Our advisory fees are primarily driven by the level of our AUM. Our AUM increases or decreases with the net inflows or outflows of funds into our various investment strategies and with the investment performance thereof. In order to increase our AUM and expand our business, we must develop and market investment strategies that suit the investment needs of our target clients, and provide attractive returns over the long-term. The value and composition of our AUM, and our ability to continue to attract clients, will depend on a variety of factors including, among other things:


•	our ability to educate our target clients about our classic value investment strategies and provide them with exceptional client service;


•	the relative investment performance of our investment strategies, as compared to competing products and market indices;


•	competitive conditions in the investment management and broader financial services sectors;


•	general economic conditions;


•	investor sentiment and confidence; and


•	our decision to close strategies when we deem it to be in the best interests of our clients.

For our institutional accounts, we are paid fees according to a schedule, which varies by investment strategy. The substantial majority of these accounts pay us management fees pursuant to a schedule in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the amount of AUM increases.

Pursuant to our sub-investment advisory agreements with our retail clients and advisory agreements with Pzena-branded funds, we are generally paid a management fee according to a schedule in which the rate we earn on the AUM declines as the

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amount of AUM increases. Certain of these funds pay us fixed-rate management fees. Due to the substantially larger account size of certain of these accounts, the average advisory fees we earn on them, as a percentage of AUM, are lower than the advisory fees we earn on our institutional accounts.

Certain of our clients pay us fees according to the performance of their accounts relative to certain agreed-upon benchmarks, which results in a lower base fee, but allows us to earn higher fees if the relevant investment strategy outperforms the agreed-upon benchmark.

The majority of advisory fees we earn on institutional accounts is based on the value of our AUM at a specific date on a quarterly basis, either in arrears or advance. Advisory fees on certain of our institutional accounts, and with respect to all of our retail accounts, are calculated based on the average of the monthly or daily market value. Advisory fees are also generally adjusted for any cash flows into or out of a portfolio, where the cash flow represents greater than 10% of the value of the portfolio. While a specific group of accounts may use the same fee rate, the method used to calculate the fee according to the fee rate schedule may differ as described above.

Our advisory fees may fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the following:


•	changes in AUM due to appreciation or depreciation of our investment portfolios, and the levels of the contribution and withdrawal of assets by new and existing clients;


•	distribution of AUM among our investment strategies, which have differing fee schedules;


•	distribution of AUM between institutional accounts and retail accounts, for which we generally earn lower overall advisory fees; and


•	the level of our performance with respect to accounts on which we are paid performance fees.

Expenses

Our expenses consist primarily of Compensation and Benefits Expense, as well as General and Administrative Expense. Our largest expense is Compensation and Benefits, which includes the salaries, bonuses, equity-based compensation, and related benefits and payroll costs attributable to our employee members and employees. Compensation and benefits packages are benchmarked against relevant industry and geographic peer groups in order to attract and retain qualified personnel. General and Administrative Expense includes lease expenses, professional and outside services fees, depreciation, costs associated with operating and maintaining our research, trading and portfolio accounting systems, and other expenses. Our occupancy-related costs and professional services expenses, in particular, generally increase or decrease in relative proportion to the overall size and scale of our business operations.

We incur additional expenses associated with being a public company for, among other things, director and officer insurance, director fees, SEC reporting and compliance (including Sarbanes-Oxley and Dodd-Frank compliance), professional fees, transfer agent fees, and other similar expenses.

Our expenses may fluctuate due to a number of factors, including the following:


•	variations in the level of total compensation expense due to, among other things, bonuses, awards of equity to our employees and employee members of our operating company, changes in our employee count and mix, and competitive factors; and


•	general and administrative expenses, such as rent, professional service fees and data-related costs, incurred, as necessary, to run our business.

Other Income/(Expense)

Other income/(expense) is derived primarily from investment income or loss arising from our consolidated subsidiaries, income or loss generated by our investments in third-party mutual funds, and interest income generated on our cash balances. Other income/(expense) is also affected by changes in our estimates of the liability due to our selling and converting shareholders associated with payments owed to them under the tax receivable agreement which was executed in connection with our reorganization and initial public offering on October 30, 2007. As discussed further below under “Tax Receivable Agreement,” this liability represents 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state, and local income tax that we realize as a result of the amortization of the increases in tax basis generated from our acquisitions of our operating company’s units from our selling and converting shareholders. We expect the interest and investment components of other income/(expense), in the aggregate, to fluctuate based on market conditions and the performance of our consolidated investment partnerships and other investments.

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Non-Controlling Interests

Our operating company has historically consolidated the results of operations of the private investment partnerships over which we exercise a controlling influence. We are the sole managing member of our operating company and control its business and affairs and, therefore, consolidate its financial results with ours. In light of our employees’ and outside investors’ interest in our operating company, we have reflected their membership interests as a non-controlling interest in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, our income is generated by our economic interest in our operating company’s net income. As of December 31, 2014, the holders of our Class A common stock and the holders of Class B units of our operating company held approximately 19.8% and 80.2%, respectively, of the economic interests in the operations of our business.

Operating Results

Assets Under Management and Flows

As of December 31, 2014, our approximately $27.7 billion of AUM was invested in a variety of value-oriented investment strategies, representing distinct capitalization segments of U.S. and non-U.S. equity markets. The performance of our largest investment strategies as of December 31, 2014 is further described below. We follow the same investment process for each of these strategies. Our investment strategies are distinguished by the market capitalization ranges from which we select securities for their portfolios, which we refer to as each strategy’s investment universe, as well as the regions in which we invest and the degree to which we concentrate on a limited number of holdings. While our investment process includes ongoing review of companies in the investment universes described below, our actual investments may include companies outside of the relevant market capitalization range at the time of our investment. In addition, the number of holdings typically found in the portfolios of each of our investment strategies may vary, as described below.

The following table indicates the annualized returns, gross and net (which represents annualized returns prior to, and after, payment of advisory fees, respectively), of our largest investment strategies from their inception to December 31, 2014, and in the five-year, three-year, and one-year periods ended December 31, 2014, relative to the performance of the market index which is most commonly used by our clients to compare the performance of the relevant investment strategy.



	Period Ended December 31, 2014¹
Investment Strategy (Inception Date)	Since Inception		5 Years		3 Years		1 Year
Large Cap Focused Value (October 2000)
Annualized Gross Returns	7.4	%	15.1	%	22.4	%	11.6	%
Annualized Net Returns	6.9	%	14.6	%	21.9	%	11.2	%
Russell 1000^® Value Index	6.7	%	15.4	%	20.9	%	13.5	%
Large Cap Expanded Value (July 2012)
Annualized Gross Returns	24.3	%	N/A		N/A		12.3	%
Annualized Net Returns	24.1	%	N/A		N/A		12.1	%
Russell 1000^® Value Index	21.5	%	N/A		N/A		13.5	%
Global Focused Value (January 2004)
Annualized Gross Returns	5.7	%	10.9	%	19.7	%	0.3	%
Annualized Net Returns	4.9	%	10.1	%	18.9	%	(0.3	)%
MSCI^® World Index – Net/U.S.$²	6.8	%	10.2	%	15.5	%	4.9	%
International (ex-U.S.) Expanded Value (November 2008)
Annualized Gross Returns	13.4	%	8.0	%	15.2	%	(7.0	)%
Annualized Net Returns	13.1	%	7.7	%	14.8	%	(7.3	)%
MSCI^®EAFE Index – Net/U.S.$²	9.1	%	5.3	%	11.1	%	(4.9	)%
Focused Value (January 1996)
Annualized Gross Returns	11.4	%	16.0	%	23.3	%	11.4	%
Annualized Net Returns	10.6	%	15.3	%	22.5	%	10.7	%
Russell 1000^® Value Index	9.2	%	15.4	%	20.9	%	13.5	%
Global Expanded Value (January 2010)
Annualized Gross Returns	10.5	%	10.5	%	18.4	%	1.7	%

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Annualized Net Returns	10.2	%	10.2	%	18.0	%	1.4	%
MSCI^® WorldIndex – Net/U.S.$²	10.2	%	10.2	%	15.5	%	4.9	%
Small Cap Focused Value (January 1996)
Annualized Gross Returns	14.6	%	17.4	%	24.1	%	10.9	%
Annualized Net Returns	13.3	%	16.3	%	22.9	%	9.7	%
Russell 2000^® Value Index	10.2	%	14.3	%	18.3	%	4.2	%
Mid Cap Expanded Value (April 2014)
Annualized Gross Returns	5.2	%	N/A		N/A		N/A
Annualized Net Returns	5.1	%	N/A		N/A		N/A
Russell Mid Cap® Value Index	9.1	%	N/A		N/A		N/A
Emerging Markets Focused Value (January 2008)
Annualized Gross Returns	1.2	%	2.3	%	7.2	%	(9.9	)%
Annualized Net Returns	0.3	%	1.7	%	6.6	%	(10.5	)%
MSCI^® Emerging MarketsIndex – Net/U.S.$²	(1.3	)%	1.8	%	4.0	%	(2.2	)%
International (ex-US) Focused Value (January 2004)
Annualized Gross Returns	6.6	%	8.7	%	15.7	%	(8.8	)%
Annualized Net Returns	5.7	%	7.9	%	14.9	%	(9.4	)%
MSCI EAFE® Index – Net/U.S.$2	5.8	%	5.3	%	11.1	%	(4.9	)%
European Focused Value (August 2008)
Annualized Gross Returns	5.5	%	8.1	%	17.3	%	(10.8	)%
Annualized Net Returns	5.2	%	7.7	%	16.9	%	(11.1	)%
MSCI^®Europe Index – Net/U.S.$²	1.6	%	5.3	%	11.9	%	(6.2	)%
Mid Cap Focused Value (September 1998)
Annualized Gross Returns	13.6	%	18.6	%	23.2	%	10.2	%
Annualized Net Returns	12.8	%	17.7	%	22.4	%	9.5	%
Russell Mid Cap^® Value Index	11.1	%	17.4	%	22.0	%	14.7	%


(1)	The historical returns of these investment strategies are not necessarily indicative of their future performance, or the future performance of any of our other current or future investment strategies.


(2)	Net of applicable withholding taxes and presented in U.S.$.

Large Cap Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 30 to 40 stocks drawn from a universe of 500 of the largest U.S. listed companies, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in October 2000. At December 31, 2014, the Large Cap Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 11.6%, underperforming its benchmark. The underperformance was broad based and primarily driven by our overweight position and stock selection in both the financial service and consumer discretionary sectors, which was partially offset by our overweight position in the technology sector.

Large Cap Expanded Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 50 to 80 stocks drawn from a universe of 500 of the largest U.S. listed companies, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in July 2012. At December 31, 2014, the Large Cap Expanded Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 12.3%, underperforming its benchmark. The underperformance was broad based and primarily driven by our stock selection in both the financial service and consumer discretionary sectors, which was partially offset by our overweight position in the technology sector and stock selection in the producer durables sector.

Global Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 40-60 stocks drawn from a universe of 2,000 of the largest companies across the world, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in January 2004. At December 31, 2014, the Global Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 0.3%, underperforming its benchmark. This underperformance was primarily driven by our overweight position in Europe, stock selection and overweight positions in the energy sector, along with our underweight position in the healthcare sector. This underperformance was partially offset by our stock selection and overweight position in the technology sector.

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International (ex-U.S.) Expanded Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 60-80 stocks drawn from a universe of 1,500 of the largest companies across the world excluding the United States, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in November 2008. At December 31, 2014, the International (ex-U.S.) Expanded Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of (7.0)%, underperforming its benchmark. The top contributors to relative underperformance were our stock selection in the industrials and consumer discretionary sectors, and our overweight position in the energy sector.

Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of a portfolio of approximately 30 to 40 stocks drawn from a universe of 1,000 of the largest U.S. listed companies, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in January 1996. At December 31, 2014, the Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 11.4%, underperforming its benchmark. The underperformance was broad based and driven by our overweight position and stock selection in the consumer discretionary sector, our exposure in the producer durables sector, and our underweight exposure to the utilities sector. This underperformance was partially offset by our overweight position in the technology sector.

Global Expanded Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 60-95 stocks drawn from a universe of 2,000 of the largest companies across the world, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in January 2010. At December 31, 2014, the Global Expanded Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 1.7%, underperforming its benchmark. This underperformance was primarily driven by our overweight position in Europe and the energy sector, as well as our underweight position and stock selection in the healthcare sector. This underperformance was partially offset by our stock selection in the technology sector.

Small Cap Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 40 to 50 stocks drawn from a universe of U.S. listed companies ranked from the 1,001st to 3,000th largest, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in January 1996. At December 31, 2014, the Small Cap Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 10.9%, outperforming its benchmark. A broad number of holdings across a diverse range of industries contributed to this outperformance, specifically certain stocks in the energy, technology, and healthcare sectors.

Mid Cap Expanded Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 50 to 80 stocks drawn from a universe of U.S. listed companies ranked from the 201st to 1,200th largest, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in April 2014. At December 31, 2014, the Mid Cap Expanded Value strategy generated a since inception gross return of 5.2%, underperforming its benchmark. Producer durables holdings were the largest contributors to this underperformance. The underperformance was also driven by our overweight position in the energy sector.

Emerging Markets Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 40 to 80 stocks drawn from a universe of 1,500 of the largest emerging market companies, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in January 2008. At December 31, 2014, the Emerging Markets Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of (9.9)%, underperforming its benchmark. The main contributors to this underperformance include holdings across a diverse range of industries, specifically certain positions in the industrials and financial services sectors, our overweight position and stock selection in the energy sector, and certain Korean and Brazilian stocks.

International (ex-U.S.) Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 30-50 stocks drawn from a universe of 1,500 of the largest companies across the world excluding the United States, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in January 2004. At December 31, 2014, the International (ex-U.S.) Expanded Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of (8.8)%, underperforming its benchmark. The top contributors to relative underperformance were our stock selection in the consumer discretionary and industrials sectors and our overweight position in the energy sector.

European Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 40-50 stocks drawn from a universe of 750 of the largest European companies, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in August 2008. At December 31, 2014, the European Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of (10.8)%, underperforming its benchmark. This underperformance was driven primarily by our stock selection and overweight position in the industrials sector, our underweight position in the healthcare sector, and our overweight position in the energy sector.

Mid Cap Focused Value. This strategy reflects a portfolio composed of approximately 30 to 40 stocks drawn from a universe of U.S. listed companies ranked from the 201st to 1,200th largest, based on market capitalization. This strategy was launched in September 1998. At December 31, 2014, the Mid Cap Focused Value strategy generated a one-year annualized gross return of 10.2%, underperforming its benchmark. Producer durables holdings were the largest contributors to this underperformance. The underperformance was also driven by positioning in the financial services and utilities sectors.

Our earnings and cash flows are heavily dependent upon prevailing financial market conditions. Significant increases or decreases in the various securities markets, particularly the equities markets, can have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

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The change in AUM in our institutional accounts and our retail accounts for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 is described below. Inflows are composed of the investment of new or additional assets by new or existing clients. Outflows consist of redemptions of assets by existing clients.



	For the Year Ended December 31,
Assets Under Management	2014			2013			2012
	(in billions)
Institutional Accounts
Assets
Beginning of Period	$	15.4		$	11.2		$	11.3
Inflows	2.8			1.9			0.7
Outflows	(3.0		)	(2.0		)	(2.8		)
Net Flows	(0.2		)	(0.1		)	(2.1		)
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation)	0.4			4.3			2.0
End of Period	$	15.6		$	15.4		$	11.2
Retail Accounts
Assets
Beginning of Period Assets	$	9.6		$	5.9		$	2.2
Inflows	3.3			2.3			4.0
Outflows	(1.7		)	(1.2		)	(1.0		)
Net Flows	1.6			1.1			3.0
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation)	0.9			2.6			0.7
End of Period	$	12.1		$	9.6		$	5.9
Total
Assets
Beginning of Period	$	25.0		$	17.1		$	13.5
Inflows	6.1			4.2			4.7
Outflows	(4.7		)	(3.2		)	(3.8		)
Net Flows	1.4			1.0			0.9
Market Appreciation/(Depreciation)	1.3			6.9			2.7
End of Period	$	27.7		$	25.0		$	17.1

The following table describes the allocation of our AUM among our investment strategies, as of December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:



	AUM at December 31,
Investment Strategy	2014		2013		2012
	(in billions)
U.S. Value Strategies¹	$	16.8	$	15.1	$	10.9
Global Value Strategies¹	5.6		6.3		4.1
Non-U.S. Value Strategies	5.3		3.6		2.1
Total	$	27.7	$	25.0	$	17.1

¹During 2013, approximately $0.1 billion of previously reported assets under management in U.S. Value Strategies has been reclassified to Global Value Strategies. Historical information has been reclassified for all periods presented.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, our AUM increased $2.7 billion, or 10.8%, from $25.0 billion at December 31, 2013. This increase is primarily due to inflows in our U.S. and Non-U.S. strategies and market appreciation during the year ended December 31, 2014.

At December 31, 2014, we managed $15.6 billion in institutional accounts and $12.1 billion in retail accounts, for a total of $27.7 billion in assets. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we experienced total gross inflows of $6.1 billion and $1.3

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billion in market appreciation, which were partially offset by total gross outflows of $4.7 billion. Assets in institutional accounts increased by $0.2 billion, or 1.3%, from $15.4 billion at December 31, 2013, due to $2.8 billion in gross inflows and $0.4 billion in market appreciation, partially offset by $3.0 billion in gross outflows. Assets in retail accounts increased by $2.5 billion, or 26.0%, from $9.6 billion at December 31, 2013 as a result of $3.3 billion in gross inflows and $0.9 billion in market appreciation, partially offset by $1.7 billion in gross outflows.

At December 31, 2013, we managed $15.4 billion in institutional accounts and $9.6 billion in retail accounts, for a total of $25.0 billion in assets. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we experienced $6.9 billion in market appreciation and total gross inflows of $4.2 billion, which were partially offset by total gross outflows of $3.2 billion. Assets in institutional accounts increased by $4.2 billion, or 37.5%, from $11.2 billion at December 31, 2012, due to $4.3 billion in market appreciation and $1.9 billion in gross inflows, partially offset by $2.0 billion in gross outflows. Assets in retail accounts increased by $3.7 billion, or 62.7%, from $5.9 billion at December 31, 2012 as a result of $2.6 billion in market appreciation and $2.3 billion in gross inflows, partially offset by $1.2 billion in gross outflows.

At December 31, 2012, we managed $11.2 billion in institutional accounts and $5.9 billion in retail accounts, for a total of $17.1 billion in assets. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we experienced total gross inflows of $4.7 billion and market appreciation of $2.7 billion, which were partially offset by gross outflows of $3.8 billion. Assets in institutional accounts decreased by $0.1 billion, or 0.9%, from $11.3 billion at December 31, 2011 due to $2.8 billion in gross outflows, partially offset by $2.0 billion in market appreciation and $0.7 billion in gross inflows. Assets in retail accounts increased by $3.7 billion, or 168%, from $2.2 billion at December 31, 2011, as a result of $4.0 billion in gross inflows and $0.7 billion in market appreciation, partially offset by $1.0 billion in gross outflows. Retail inflows are primarily associated with our assignment to manage 28% of the Vanguard Windsor Fund as of the beginning of August 2012.

Our revenues are generally correlated with the levels of our average AUM. Our average AUM fluctuates based on changes in the market value of accounts advised and managed by us, and on our fund flows. Since we are long-term fundamental investors, we believe that our investment strategies yield the most benefits, and are best evaluated, over a long-term timeframe. We believe that our investment strategies are generally evaluated by our clients and our potential future clients based on their relative performance since inception, and the previous one-year, three-year, and five-year periods. There has typically been a correlation between our strategies’ investment performance and the size and direction of asset flows over the long-term. To the extent that our returns for these periods outperform client benchmarks, we would generally anticipate increased asset flows over the long term. Correspondingly, negative returns relative to client benchmarks could cause existing clients to reduce their exposure to our products, or hinder new client acquisition.

In addition, an increase in average AUM and in revenues typically results in higher operating income and net income, while a decrease in average AUM and in revenues typically results in lower operating income, net income, and operating margins. We would expect pressure on our operating income, net income and operating margins in the future if average AUM and revenues were to decline.

Revenues

Our revenue from advisory fees earned on our institutional accounts and our retail accounts for the three years ended December 31, 2014 is described below:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
Revenue	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Institutional Accounts	$	82,805	$	75,783	$	64,919
Retail Accounts	29,706		19,986		11,361
Total	$	112,511	$	95,769	$	76,280

Year Ended December 31, 2014 versus December 31, 2013

Our total revenue increased $16.7 million, or 17.5%, to $112.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $95.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This change was driven primarily by an increase in average assets. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, average assets were $26.2 billion and $21.0 billion, respectively. This increase in average assets was driven by net inflows and market appreciation during 2014.

Our weighted average fee rates were 0.430% and 0.456% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. This decrease was primarily due to a shift in mix towards our expanded products and larger relationships as well as a shift in mix between our institutional and retail strategies, which generally carry lower fees. For the year ended December 31, 2014, average assets in our institutional and retail strategies were 56.9% and 43.1%, respectively, of total average AUM. For the year

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ended December 31, 2013, average assets in our institutional and retail strategies were 62.4% and 37.6%. Average assets in institutional accounts increased $1.8 billion, or 13.7%, to $14.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2014, from $13.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2013, and had weighted average fees of 0.555% and 0.580% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Weighted-average fee rates decreased primarily due to a a higher mix of assets in our expanded products and larger relationships, which generally carry lower fee rates, as well as a decrease in institutional performance fees recognized during 2014. Average assets in retail accounts increased $3.4 billion, or 43.0%, to $11.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2014, from $7.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2013, and had weighted average fees of 0.264% and 0.252% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The increase in weighted average fees in retail accounts was due primarily to an increase in retail performance fees recognized during 2014 as well as the addition of assets in strategies which generally carry higher fee rates.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 versus December 31, 2012

Our total revenue increased $19.5 million, or 25.5%, to $95.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $76.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. This change was driven primarily by a $3.6 million increase in performance fees recognized, as well as an increase in average assets. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, average assets were $21.0 billion and $14.9 billion, respectively. The increase in average assets was driven by market appreciation and net inflows during 2013.

Our weighted average fee rates were 0.456% and 0.512% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. This decrease was primarily due to a shift in mix towards our expanded products and larger relationships as well as a shift in mix between our institutional and retail strategies, which generally carry lower fees, partially offset by the increase in performance fees recognized in 2013 as noted above. This shift in mix reflects the full year impact of retail inflows associated with our assignment to manage 28% of the Vanguard Windsor Fund as of the beginning of August 2012 as well as net inflows in our retail accounts during 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2013, average assets in our institutional and retail strategies were 62.4% and 37.6%, respectively, of total average AUM. For the year ended December 31, 2012, average assets in our institutional and retail strategies were 75.8% and 24.2%. Average assets in institutional accounts increased $1.8 billion, or 15.9%, to $13.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $11.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012, and had weighted average fees of 0.580% and 0.574% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Weighted-average fee rates increased primarily due to the increase in performance fees recognized during 2013, partially offset by a higher mix of assets in our expanded products and larger relationships, which generally carry lower fee rates. Average assets in retail accounts increased $4.3 billion, or 119%, to $7.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $3.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012, and had weighted average fees of 0.252% and 0.316% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decrease in weighted average fees in retail accounts was due primarily to the full year impact of the Vanguard assignment.

Expenses

Our operating expense is driven primarily by our compensation costs. The table below describes the components of our operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Cash Compensation and Other Benefits	$	32,396	$	31,374	$	28,690
Other Non-Cash Compensation	8,877		5,448		3,065
Total Compensation and Benefits Expense	41,273		36,822		31,755
General and Administrative Expense	10,285		8,099		7,346
Total Operating Expenses	$	51,558	$	44,921	$	39,101

Year Ended December 31, 2014 versus December 31, 2013

Total operating expense increased by $6.6 million, or 14.8%, to $51.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, from $44.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Compensation and benefits expense increased by $4.5 million, or 12.1%, to $41.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, from $36.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This increase reflects an increase in compensation and headcount. The $3.4 million increase in non-cash compensation was primarily due to a shift in compensation mix associated with the 2014 issuance of non-cash awards. We would expect non-cash compensation expense in subsequent years to depend on the size and composition of awards granted under our equity incentive plans.

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General and administrative expense increased by $2.2 million, or 27.0%, to $10.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, from $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This increase includes $0.6 million of expenses paid for our mutual funds that were launched in 2014. We contractually agreed to waive a portion or all of our management fees and pay fund expenses to ensure that the annual operating expenses of the funds stay below certain established total expense ratio thresholds. During 2014, we also entered into an operating lease agreement for our new corporate headquarters. The term of the lease commenced in October 2014 and we plan to move to our new corporate headquarters during the first half of 2015. General and administrative expense in the fourth quarter of 2014 includes $0.4 million in lease expenses associated with our new corporate headquarters as well as $0.4 million lease expenses associated with our current headquarters that we do not expect to recur after we move to our new corporate headquarters. The remainder of the increase in general and administrative expense is primarily due to an increase in business activities during 2014.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 versus December 31, 2012

Total operating expense increased by $5.8 million, or 14.9%, to $44.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $39.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Compensation and benefits expense increased by $5.1 million, or 16.0%, to $36.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $31.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. This increase reflects an increase in salary, headcount and the discretionary bonus accrual. The $2.4 million increase in non-cash compensation was primarily due to a shift in compensation mix and the amortization associated with previously issued awards. We would expect non-cash compensation expense in subsequent years to depend on the size and composition of awards granted under our equity incentive plans.

General and administrative expense increased by $0.8 million, or 10.3%, to $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, from $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. This increase is primarily due to an increase in business activities during 2013.

Other Expense

Year Ended December 31, 2014 versus December 31, 2013

Other expense was $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and consisted primarily of $4.2 million in expense related to adjustments to our liability to our selling and converting shareholders and less than $0.1 million in losses and other investment income, partially offset by $0.4 interest and dividend income. Other expense was $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, and consisted primarily of $4.5 million in expense related to adjustments to our liability to our selling and converting shareholders, partially offset by $2.4 million of net realized and unrealized gain from investments and $0.3 million in interest and dividend income. As discussed further below, the liability to our selling and converting shareholders represents 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we realize as a result of the amortization of the increases in tax basis generated from our purchase of operating company units from our selling shareholders. The $2.4 million year-over-year change in net realized and unrealized gains was due to investment performance.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 versus December 31, 2012

Other expense was $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, and consisted primarily of $4.5 million in expense related to adjustments to our liability to our selling and converting shareholders, partially offset by $2.4 million of net realized and unrealized gain from investments and $0.3 million in interest and dividend income. Other expense was $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, and consisted primarily of $2.6 million in expense related to adjustments to our liability to our selling and converting shareholders, partially offset by $1.5 million of net realized and unrealized gain from investments and $0.3 million in interest and dividend income. As discussed further below, the liability to our selling and converting shareholders represents 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we realize as a result of the amortization of the increases in tax basis generated from our purchase of operating company units from our selling shareholders. The $0.9 million year-over-year change in net realized and unrealized gains was due to investment performance.

Income Tax Expense

Our results for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 included the effects of adjustments related to our tax receivable agreement and the associated liability to selling and converting shareholders and non-recurring lease expenses discussed in “Expenses,” above. Our effective tax rate, exclusive of adjustments related to our tax receivable agreement and the associated liability to selling and converting shareholders and adjustments related to non-recurring expenses recognized in operating expense in the fourth quarter of 2014, was 40.1%, 38.9%, and 42.8% for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.

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Non-GAAP income before corporate income taxes used to calculate our income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 are as follows:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Income Before Income Taxes	$	56,917		$	49,027		$	36,316
Effect of Non-Recurring Lease Expenses	392			—			—
Change in Liability to Selling and Converting Shareholders	4,168			4,468			2,647
Non-GAAP Unincorporated Business Taxes	(2,966		)	(2,434		)	(2,420		)
Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests	(47,247		)	(41,768		)	(30,565		)
Non-GAAP Income Before Corporate Taxes	$	11,264		$	9,293		$	5,978
Unincorporated Business Taxes	$	2,953		$	2,434		$	2,420
Add back: Effect of Non-Recurring Lease Expenses	13			—			—
Non-GAAP Unincorporated Business Taxes	$	2,966		$	2,434		$	2,420
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests	$	46,934		$	41,768		$	30,565
Add back: Effect of One-Time Adjustments	313			—			—
Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests	$	47,247		$	41,768		$	30,565

Our non-GAAP effective tax rate, which is exclusive of adjustments related to our tax receivable agreement and the associated liability to selling and converting shareholders, and non-recurring lease expenses recognized in operating expense in the fourth quarter of 2014, was determined as follows:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014					2013					2012
	Tax			% of Non- GAAP Pre-tax Income		Tax			% of Non- GAAP Pre-tax Income		Tax			% of Non- GAAP Pre-tax Income
	(in thousands)					(in thousands)					(in thousands)
Federal Corporate Tax	$	3,830		34.0	%	$	3,159		34.0	%	$	2,032		34.0	%
State and Local Taxes, Net of Federal Benefit	827			7.3	%	716			7.7	%	529			8.9	%
Prior Period and Other Adjustments	(136		)	(1.2	)%	(263		)	(2.8	)%	(2		)	(0.1	)%
Non-GAAP Effective Taxes	$	4,521		40.1	%	$	3,612		38.9	%	$	2,559		42.8	%

Year Ended December 31, 2014 versus December 31, 2013

Income tax expense increased $1.3 million, from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The 2014 and 2013 income tax expense included $6.2 million and $6.1 million, respectively, of benefit associated with adjustments to the valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax asset related to our tax receivable agreement. The 2014 and 2013 income tax expense also reflect a $0.9 million and $0.3 million adjustment, respectively, associated with the net impact of the change in the deferred tax asset and valuation allowance assessed against the deferred tax asset associated with a change in the effective tax rate and the prior year's final tax return. Exclusive of these adjustments, the remaining income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 consisted of $3.0 million in operating company unincorporated business taxes, $4.2 million of corporate income taxes partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in the valuation allowance associated with items not related to our tax receivable agreement. On a similar basis, the remaining income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 consisted of $2.4 million of operating company unincorporated business taxes and $4.0 million of corporate income taxes partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in the valuation allowance associated with items not related to our tax receivable agreement. The flat operating company unincorporated business tax reflects the $0.6 million tax benefit associated with the amendment of prior year tax returns to change the methodology for state and local receipts as well as the change in the current methodology for state and local receipts made during the first quarter of 2013, offset by an increase in taxable income. The increase in corporate income taxes primarily reflects the increase in net income. A comparison of the GAAP effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 is not meaningful due to the valuation allowance adjustments.

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Year Ended December 31, 2013 versus December 31, 2012

Income tax expense decreased $1.3 million, from $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The 2013 and 2012 income tax expense included $6.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of benefit associated with adjustments to the valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax asset related to our tax receivable agreement. The 2013 income tax expense also reflects a $0.3 million adjustment associated with the net impact of the change in the deferred tax asset and valuation allowance assessed against the deferred tax asset associated with the change in the effective tax rate and the prior year's final tax return. Exclusive of these adjustments, the remaining income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 consisted of $2.4 million in operating company unincorporated business taxes, $4.0 million of corporate income taxes partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in the valuation allowance associated with items not related to our tax receivable agreement. On a similar basis, the remaining income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 consisted of $2.4 million of operating company unincorporated business taxes and $2.6 million of corporate income taxes. The flat operating company unincorporated business tax reflects the $0.6 million tax benefit associated with the amendment of prior year tax returns to change the methodology for state and local receipts as well as the change in the current methodology for state and local receipts made during the first quarter of 2013, offset by an increase in taxable income. The increase in corporate income taxes primarily reflects the increase in net income. A comparison of the GAAP effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is not meaningful due to the valuation allowance adjustments.

Non-Controlling Interests

Year Ended December 31, 2014 versus December 31, 2013

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests was $46.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and consisted of $47.0 million associated with our employees' and outside investors' approximately 80.6% weighted-average interest in the income of the operating company, and approximately $0.1 million associated with our consolidated subsidiaries' interest in the losses of our consolidated investment partnerships. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests was $41.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, and consisted of $40.5 million associated with our employees’ and outside investors’ approximately 81.4% weighted-average interest in the income of the operating company, and approximately $1.2 million associated with our consolidated subsidiaries’ interest in the income of our consolidated investment partnerships. The change in net income attributable to non-controlling interests reflects primarily the increase in our average AUM, which had a corresponding positive impact on operating company revenues and income. This increase also reflects a decrease in the performance in our consolidated investment partnerships in 2014 compared to 2013.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 versus December 31, 2012

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests was $41.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, and consisted of $40.5 million associated with our employees' and outside investors' approximately 81.4% weighted-average interest in the income of the operating company, and approximately $1.2 million associated with our consolidated subsidiaries' interest in the income of our consolidated investment partnerships. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests was $30.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, and consisted of $29.7 million associated with our employees’ and outside investors’ approximately 83.3% weighted-average interest in the income of the operating company, and approximately $0.9 million associated with our consolidated subsidiaries’ interest in the income of our consolidated investment partnerships. The change in net income attributable to non-controlling interests reflects primarily the increase in performance fees recognized and in our average AUM, each of which had a corresponding positive impact on operating company revenues and income. This increase also reflects an increase in the performance in our consolidated investment partnerships in 2013 compared to 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, the working capital needs of our business have primarily been met through the cash generated by our operations. Distributions to members of our operating company are our largest use of cash from financing activities. Other activities include purchases and sales of investments to fund our deferred compensation program, capital expenditures and strategic growth initiatives such as providing the initial cash investment in our mutual funds. In March 2014, in an effort to expande distribution channels and offer certain products in a mutual fund format, our operating company launched the three Pzena Mutual Funds. In order to support these new mutual funds and establish investment records that can be used to market the funds to third party investors, we seeded the mutual funds with $6.0 million.

At December 31, 2014, our cash and cash equivalents was $39.1 million, inclusive of $5.1 million in cash held by our consolidated subsidiaries. Advisory fees receivable was $22.9 million. We also had approximately $4.9 million in investments and $0.9 million in our cash and cash equivalents set aside to satisfy our obligations under our deferred compensation program.

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We expect to fund the liquidity needs of our business in the next twelve months, and over the long-term, primarily through cash generated from operations. As an investment management company, our business is materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions throughout the world. Our liquidity is highly dependent on the revenue and income from our operations, which is directly related to our levels of AUM. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our average AUM and revenues increased by 24.8% and 17.5%, respectively, compared to our average AUM and revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013.

In determining the sufficiency of liquidity and capital resources to fund our business, we regularly monitor our liquidity position, including, among other things, cash, working capital, investments, long-term liabilities, lease commitments, debt obligations, and operating company distributions. Compensation is our largest expense. To the extent we deem necessary and appropriate to run our business, recognizing the need to retain our key personnel, we have the ability to change the absolute levels of our compensation packages, as well as change the mix of their cash and non-cash components. Historically, we have not tied our level of compensation directly to revenue, as many Wall Street firms do. Correspondingly, there is not a linear relationship between our compensation and the revenues we generate. This generally has the effect of increasing operating margins in periods of increased revenues, but can reduce operating margins when revenue declines.

We continuously evaluate our staffing requirements and compensation levels with reference to our own liquidity position and external peer benchmarking data. The result of this review directly influences management’s recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to such staffing and compensation levels.

We anticipate that tax allocations and dividend equivalent payments to the members of our operating company, which consisted of certain of our employees, unaffiliated persons, former employees, and us, will continue to be a material financing activity. Cash distributions to operating company members for partnership tax allocations would increase should the taxable income of the operating company increase. Dividend equivalent payments will depend on our dividend policy and the discretion of our Board of Directors, as discussed below.

We believe that our lack of long-term debt, and ability to vary cash compensation levels, have provided us with an appropriate degree of flexibility in providing for our liquidity needs.

Dividend Policy

We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our ownership of membership interests in our operating company. As a result, we depend upon distributions from our operating company to pay any dividends that our Board of Directors may declare to be paid to our Class A common stockholders. When, and if, our Board of Directors declares any such dividends, we then cause our operating company to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover the dividends declared. Our dividend policy has certain risks and limitations, particularly with respect to liquidity. We may not pay dividends to our Class A common shareholders in amounts that have been paid to them in the past, or at all, if, among other things, we do not have the cash necessary to pay our intended dividends. To the extent we do not have cash on hand sufficient to pay dividends in the future, we may decide not to pay dividends. By paying cash dividends rather than investing that cash in our future growth, we risk slowing the pace of our growth, or not having a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or unanticipated capital expenditures, should the need arise.

On an annual basis, our Board of Directors has targeted a cash dividend payout ratio of approximately 70% to 80% of our non-GAAP diluted net income, subject to growth initiatives and other funding needs. Our ability to pay dividends is subject to the Board of Directors’ discretion and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Class A Common Stock — Our ability to pay dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law.”

Tax Receivable Agreement

Our purchase of membership units of our operating company concurrent with our initial public offering, and the subsequent and future exchanges by holders of Class B units of our operating company for shares of our Class A common stock (pursuant to the exchange rights provided for in the operating company’s operating agreement), has resulted in, and is expected to continue to result in, increases in our share of the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of our operating company, which will increase the tax depreciation and amortization deductions that otherwise would not have been available to us. These increases in tax basis and tax depreciation and amortization deductions have reduced, and are expected to continue to reduce, the amount of cash taxes that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future. We have entered into a tax receivable agreement with the current members of our operating company, the one member of our operating company immediately prior to our initial public offering who sold all of its membership units to us in connection with our initial public offering, and any future holders of Class B units, that requires us to pay them 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize in the case of an early termination payment by us, or a

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change in control, as described in the tax receivable agreement) as a result of the increases in tax basis described above and certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement.

Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31, 2014 versus December 31, 2013

Cash and Cash Equivalents increased $5.2 million to $39.1 million in 2014 compared to $33.9 million in 2013. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $10.9 million in 2014 to $55.4 million from $44.5 million in 2013. The increase was primarily due to an increase in net income partially offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities and working capital.

Net cash used in investing activities was $2.6 million in 2014 compared to $1.8 million used in 2013. The $0.8 million increase was primarily attributable to a $1.9 million increase in purchases of property and equipment related to our new corporate headquarters and a $1.0 million net increase in purchases in investments associated primarily with the incubation of new products during 2014.

Net cash used in financing activities increased $6.2 million in 2014 to $47.8 million from $41.5 million in 2013. This increase is primarily due to an $11.6 million increase in distributions to non-controlling interests. The increase in these distributions primarily reflects increased tax allocations associated with increased taxable income in 2014 and dividend distributions to members of our operating company. Net cash used in financing activities in 2014 also reflects a $1.5 million increase in cash dividends paid during 2014. These increases were partially offset by a $4.8 million increase in contributions from non-controlling interests primarily reflecting contributions into our consolidated subsidiaries and a $1.8 million decrease in the repurchase and retirement of Class A common stock, Class B units, and Class B unit options during 2014.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 versus December 31, 2012

Cash and Cash Equivalents increased $1.3 million to $33.9 million in 2013 compared to $32.6 million in 2012. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $12.5 million in 2013 to $44.5 million from $32.0 million in 2012. The increase was primarily due to an increase in net income partially offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities and working capital.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.8 million in 2013 compared to $0.1 million used in 2012. The $1.7 million increase was primarily attributable to a $1.0 million increase in purchases from investments in deferred compensation, a $0.5 million decrease in proceeds from investments in our deferred compensation plan, and $0.2 million increase in purchases of property and equipment during 2013.

Net cash used in financing activities increased $7.2 million in 2013 to $41.5 million from $34.3 million in 2012. This increase is primarily due to a $5.0 million increase in the repurchase and retirement of Class A common stock, Class B units, and Class B units options during 2013. This increase also reflects a $2.4 million increase in distributions to non-controlling interests driven the increase in partnership tax allocation payments associated with increased taxable income in 2013.

Contractual Obligations

The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated contractual obligations as of December 31, 2014.



	Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less Than 1 Year		1 – 3 Years		3 – 5 Years		More Than 5 Years
	(in thousands)
Operating Lease Expenses, Net of Sublease Rental Income	$	23,207	$	3,414	$	3,959	$	5,938	$	9,896
Total	$	23,207	$	3,414	$	3,959	$	5,938	$	9,896

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2014.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We

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evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Accounting policies are an integral part of our financial statements. A thorough understanding of these accounting policies is essential when reviewing our reported results of operations and our financial condition. Management believes that the critical accounting policies discussed below involve additional management judgment due to the sensitivity of the methods and assumptions used.

Consolidation

Our policy is to consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest and variable-interest entities of which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. We also consolidate non-variable-interest entities which we control as the general partner or managing member. We assess our consolidation practices regularly, as circumstances dictate. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Income Taxes

We are a “C” corporation under the Internal Revenue Code, and thus liable for federal, state and local taxes on the income derived from our economic interest in our operating company. The operating company is a limited liability company that has elected to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes. Our operating company has not made a provision for federal or state income taxes because it is the responsibility of each of the operating company’s members (including us) to separately report their proportionate share of the operating company’s taxable income or loss. Similarly, the income of our consolidated investment partnerships is not subject to income taxes, as such income is allocated to each partnership’s individual partners. The operating company has made a provision for New York City Unincorporated Business Tax (UBT).

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits. A valuation allowance is maintained for deferred tax assets that we estimate are more likely than not to be unrealizable based on available evidence at the time the estimate is made. Determining the valuation allowance requires management to make significant judgments and assumptions. In determining the valuation allowance, we use historical and forecasted future operating results, based upon approved business plans, including a review of the eligible carryforward periods, tax planning opportunities and other relevant considerations. Each quarter, we re-evaluate our estimate related to the valuation allowance, including our assumptions about future taxable income.

We believe that the accounting estimate related to the $44.2 million valuation allowance, recorded against the deferred tax asset associated with our acquisition of operating company membership units, is a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions can change from period to period. For example, tax law changes, or variances in future projected operating performance, could result in a change in the valuation allowance. If we are not able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to our deferred tax asset valuation allowance would be charged to income tax expense in the period such determination was made.

Tax benefits related to stock option windfall deductions are not recognized until they result in a reduction of cash taxes payable. The benefit of these excess tax benefits will be recorded in equity when they reduce cash taxes payable. We will only recognize a tax benefit from stock- and unit-based awards in Additional Paid-In Capital if an incremental tax benefit is realized after all other tax benefits currently available have been utilized. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had approximately $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in tax benefits associated with stock- and unit-based awards that we were not able to recognize. This amount is reflected as an unrecognized tax benefit.

Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, evaluating our tax positions and establishing deferred tax assets and liabilities. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. If the ultimate resolution of uncertainties is different from currently estimated, it could affect income tax expense and the effective tax rate.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." The core principle of the standard is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services. This new guidance will be effective on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact on the consolidated statements and related disclosures, as well as the available transition methods.

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In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis". This standard modifies existing consolidation guidance for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. ASU 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2015, and requires either a retrospective approach to adoption or a modified retrospective approach, by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The company is currently assessing the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements, as well as the available transition methods.


ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk is directly related to our role as investment adviser for the institutional separate accounts we manage and the retail clients for which we act as sub-investment adviser. As noted in "Item 1A — Risk Factors,” we could experience declines in AUM due to poor performance of our investment strategies or a general economic downturn. These conditions could lead to declines in revenue and profitability, and there can be no assurance that there will not be declines in our AUM, revenue and profitability in the future. An economic downturn, and volatility in the global financial markets, could also significantly affect the estimates, judgments, and assumptions used in the valuation of our financial instruments.

Our revenue for the three years ended December 31, 2014 was generally derived from advisory fees, which are typically based on the market value of our AUM, which can be affected by adverse changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. Accordingly, a decline in the prices of securities would cause our revenue and income to decline, due to a decrease in the value of the assets we manage. In addition, such a decline could cause our clients to withdraw their funds in favor of investments offering higher returns or lower risk, which would cause our revenue and income to decline further.

We are also subject to market risk due to a decline in the value of our holdings, consisting primarily of the holdings of our consolidated subsidiaries, which include marketable securities, investments in mutual funds, and securities sold short. At December 31, 2014, the fair value of our assets subject to market risk was $27.9 million. At December 31, 2014, the fair value of our liabilities subject to market risk was $1.6 million. Assuming a 10% increase or decrease, the fair value of these assets and liabilities would increase or decrease by $2.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2014.

Interest Rate Risk

Since the Company does not have any debt that bears interest at a variable rate, it does not have any direct exposure to interest rate risk at December 31, 2014.


ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto begin on page F-1 of this Annual Report and are incorporated herein by reference.


ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.


ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

During the course of their review of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2014, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2014, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide

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reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal controls, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls may vary over time.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013).

Based on the assessment using those criteria, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2014, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report and have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page F-3 of this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION

There was no information that we were required to disclose in a current report on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 that was not so disclosed.

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PART III.


ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The following table provides certain information relating to our directors and executive officers.



Name	Age	Position
Richard S. Pzena	56	Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Co-Chief Investment Officer
John P. Goetz	57	President, Co-Chief Investment Officer, Director
William L. Lipsey	56	President, Head of Business Development and Client Service, Director
Gary J. Bachman	47	Chief Financial Officer
Michael D. Peterson	50	Executive Vice President
Steven M. Galbraith	52	Director
Joel M. Greenblatt	57	Director
Richard P. Meyerowich	72	Director
Charles D. Johnston	61	Director

Richard S. Pzena was appointed our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer in May 2007. Prior to forming Pzena Investment Management, LLC in 1995, Mr. Pzena was the Director of U.S. Equity Investments and Chief Research Officer for Sanford C. Bernstein & Company. Mr. Pzena joined Sanford C. Bernstein & Company in 1986 as an oil industry analyst. During 1990 and 1991, Mr. Pzena served as Chief Investment Officer, Small Cap Equities, and assumed his broader domestic equity role in 1991. Prior to joining Bernstein, Mr. Pzena worked for the Amoco Corporation in various financial and planning roles. He earned a B.S. summa cum laude and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979 and 1980, respectively.

John P. Goetz was appointed our President, Co-Chief Investment Officer in June 2007, and became a member of our Board of Directors in May 2011. Mr. Goetz joined us in 1996 as Director of Research and has been Co-Chief Investment Officer since 2005. Previously, Mr. Goetz held a range of key positions at Amoco Corporation for over 14 years, most recently as the Global Business Manager for Amoco’s $1 billion polypropylene business, where he had bottom-line responsibility for operations and development worldwide. Prior positions at Amoco included strategic planning, joint venture investments and project financing in various oil and chemical businesses. Prior to joining Amoco, Mr. Goetz had been employed by The Northern Trust Company and Bank of America. He earned a B.A. summa cum laude in Mathematics and Economics from Wheaton College in 1979 and an M.B.A. from the Kellogg School at Northwestern University in 1982.

William L. Lipsey was appointed our President, and Head of Business Development and Client Service in June 2007, and became a member of our Board of Directors in May 2011. Before joining Pzena Investment Management in 1997, Mr. Lipsey was an Investment Advisory Consultant and a Senior Vice President at Oppenheimer & Company, Inc. Prior to joining Oppenheimer, Mr. Lipsey’s career included positions at Morgan Stanley, Kidder Peabody and Hewitt Associates. At Morgan Stanley and Kidder Peabody, Mr. Lipsey managed assets for institutional and private clients. He earned a B.S. in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1980 and an M.B.A. in Finance from the University of Chicago in 1986.

Gary J. Bachman was appointed our Chief Financial Officer in September 2012. Prior to joining Pzena Investment Management, Mr. Bachman served as Executive Director of the Investment Bank Finance Department at JP Morgan Chase, from 2008 to 2012. Prior to this, Mr. Bachman worked in the Structured Capital Market group at Barclays Capital, and both the Strategic Transaction and Accounting Policy and External Reporting groups at Lehman Brothers, from 2000 to 2008. Mr. Bachman received his B.S. from Binghamton University in 1990 and an M.B.A. from Fordham University in 1998. Mr. Bachman is a Certified Public Accountant.

Michael D. Peterson was appointed Executive Vice President in February 2011. He is also a Portfolio Manager of our Global Focused Value, International (ex-US) Focused Value, International (ex-US) Expanded Value, Global Expanded Value, and European Focused Value strategies. Prior to joining Pzena Investment Management in 1998, Mr. Peterson was an engagement manager at McKinsey & Company. At McKinsey, he was a member of the Financial Institutions Group, as well as the Pricing Practice. Prior to joining McKinsey, he was an Assistant Professor at the Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs, where he taught operations research and operations management. He holds a PhD in Management (Operations Research) from the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management, where he was a National Science Foundation fellow from 1989 to 1992. Prior to that, he received a M.A. in Mathematics from the University of Cambridge in 1988 and an A.B. summa cum laude in Economics from Princeton University.

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Steven M. Galbraith has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 2007. Mr. Galbraith is a managing member of Herring Creek Capital, a registered investment advisor managing private investment funds exclusively for qualified investors. Previously, he had been a partner at Maverick Capital where he had portfolio and general management responsibilities and chaired the firm’s Advisory Committee. Prior to joining Maverick Capital in 2004, Mr. Galbraith served as Chief Investment Officer and Chief U.S. Investment Strategist at Morgan Stanley from June 2000 to December 2003. Before joining Morgan Stanley, he was a partner at Sanford Bernstein, where he was an analyst for the packaged goods industry and the financial services sector. Mr. Galbraith was also an employee of our operating company from June 1998 to March 1999. Mr. Galbraith was an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University Business School where he taught securities analysis. He served on the board of trustees of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia and was an advisor to the Office of Financial Research, appointed by the U.S. Treasury. He serves on the board of trustees of Tufts University and is a member of the board of directors of the Success Charter Network and Narragansett Brewing Company. He received his B.A. summa cum laude from Tufts University, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.

Joel M. Greenblatt has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 2007. Mr. Greenblatt has been a managing partner of Gotham Capital, a hedge fund that he founded, since 1985, and of Gotham Asset Management since 2002. Mr. Greenblatt is also the managing principal of Gotham Asset Management, LLC, a registered investment adviser (formerly known as Formula Investing, LLC). For the past fourteen years, he has been an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University Business School, where he teaches Value and Special Situation Investing. Mr. Greenblatt is the former chairman of the board of Alliant Techsystems, a NYSE-listed aerospace and defense company. He is the co-chairman of Harlem Success Academy, a charter school in New York City. He is the author of three books, You Can Be A Stock Market Genius (Simon & Schuster, 1997), The Little Book That Beats The Market (John Wiley & Sons, 2005), and The Big Secret for the Small Investor (John Wiley & Sons, 2011). Mr. Greenblatt earned a B.S. and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1979 and 1980, respectively.

Richard P. Meyerowich has been a member of our Board of Directors since October 2007. Mr. Meyerowich worked in the New York office of Deloitte & Touche LLP from 1966 to 2005, including as a senior partner from 1978 to 2005. Mr. Meyerowich headed the National Investment Management Practice for over ten years and served as lead partner on major investment management entities, including SEC-registered mutual funds, unit investment funds, hedge funds, investment partnerships, separate accounts of insurance companies and commodity pools. He served two terms on the Investment Companies Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. From 2005 through 2009, he served as an external consultant for Deloitte & Touche on quality control and technical advice. In March 2011, Mr. Meyerowich became a member of the board of directors of AIG Property Casualty, a global property and casualty insurance subsidiary of American International Group, Inc. Mr. Meyerowich is also a member of the AIG Property Casualty audit committee. Mr. Meyerowich earned a B.S. in Economics from Wagner College in 1965. He is currently retired.

Charles D. Johnston became a member of our Board of Directors in February 2014. Mr. Johnston most recently served as vice chairman of Morgan Stanley Smith Barney from 2011 to 2012. From 2009 to 2011, he was president of Morgan Stanley Smith Barney. Mr Johnston was president and chief executive officer of Smith Barney from 2004 to 2009. He served as a divisional director of Smith Barney from 1999-2003. Mr. Johnston is a past member of Morgan Stanley’s Operating and Management Committees, as well as Citigroup’s Management Committee, and is a regular speaker at industry events. In March 2014, Mr. Johnston became a member of the board of directors of Bank Leumi USA. He is also a member of their Investment and Risk committees. Mr. Johnston earned a B.S. in Marketing and Finance in 1976 from Purdue University. Mr. Johnston retired in 2012.

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Board Composition

Our Board of Directors currently consists of seven directors. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we have determined that each of Messrs. Galbraith, Greenblatt, Johnston and Meyerowich is an “independent” director within the meaning of the applicable rules of the SEC and the NYSE.

Our bylaws provide that our Board of Directors will consist of five directors, or such number of directors as fixed by our Board of Directors from time to time, and that the directors are elected for one-year terms and will continue to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.

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Factors Involved In Selecting Directors

When considering whether the Board’s directors have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable the Board of Directors to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively, in light of our business and structure, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee focused on the information described in each of the Board members’ biographical information set forth above. With regard to Mr. Pzena, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considered his experience as founder and CEO of our Company and operating company, and his breadth of knowledge regarding all aspects of the business, including its strategies, operations, and markets, as well as his acute business judgment. With respect to Messrs. Goetz and Lipsey, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considered their experience as founding Executive Committee members, their broad-based knowledge of the business, as well as their extensive industry knowledge. With regard to Messrs. Galbraith and Greenblatt, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considered their extensive investment management experience and their professional standing in the industry. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considered Mr. Greenblatt's prior and current Board experiences and governance skills and Mr. Galbraith's designation as an audit committee financial expert. With regard to Mr. Meyerowich, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considered his expertise and background in accounting matters, his leadership role at Deloitte & Touche LLP, as well as his designation as an audit committee financial expert. With respect to Mr. Johnston, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considered his broad retail brokerage and wealth management experience, leadership roles, industry expertise, as well as his designation as an audit committee financial expert.

Board Leadership Structure

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing the leadership structure of our Board of Directors, and additionally reviewing the performance of the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer.

Since the inception of our Company in October 2007, as permitted by our Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Chairman of the Board position has been held by Richard S. Pzena, the CEO of our Company and our operating company. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has considered the issue of Mr. Pzena’s combined role, and approved the continuation of this structure for the following reasons:


•	The CEO is most familiar with the day to day operations of our Company and operating company.


•	The CEO is in the best position to bring matters before our Board of Directors and serve as its Chairman.


•	A combined CEO and Chairman role provides consistent leadership, stability and continuity for us.

The Board of Directors has additionally affirmed the combination of the CEO and Chairman roles for the reasons set forth above.

In accordance with our Corporate Governance guidelines, we have the option of alternating directors to lead executive sessions of the Board of Directors, or to select a lead independent director. To date, our independent directors have not named a lead independent director. Accordingly, no single director presides at all executive sessions of the non-management directors, but rather a different director leads each executive session. Accordingly, the role of presiding director at each executive session of non-management directors in 2014 was regularly rotated among Messrs. Galbraith, Greenblatt, Johnston and Meyerowich.

Board Risk Oversight Role

Our Board of Directors has delegated the role of risk oversight to its Audit Committee pursuant to the Audit Committee’s charter. Our Audit Committee continues to concentrate on determining the adequacy of our risk-management programs.

Our approach to risk management includes a variety of internal procedures, test protocols and examinations, including the following:


•	Sarbanes-Oxley annual testing and audit — covering internal controls and financial reporting;


•	SSAE 16 — covering operational risks;


•	Compliance policies and procedures, including annual risk-based testing;


•	Ongoing compliance training; and


•	Disaster recovery procedures and annual testing.

Issues of note resulting from any of the above-enumerated risk management items are brought to the attention of the Audit Committee, when appropriate.

The Risk Management Committee of our operating company was established in 2010 to ensure ongoing coordination among the various risk management programs. The purpose of the Risk Management Committee, which is led by our internal

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auditor, and whose other members include department heads or their delegates, is to identify business risks and evaluate the effectiveness of all risk mitigation activities. The Risk Management Committee met nine times during 2014.

Board Committees

Although we qualify for the “controlled company” exemption from certain NYSE corporate governance rules, our Board of Directors has established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, each consisting solely of independent directors, and our Board of Directors has adopted charters for its committees that comply with the NYSE and SEC rules relating to corporate governance matters.

Audit Committee

Our Audit Committee assists our Board of Directors in its oversight of the integrity of our consolidated financial statements, our independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence, and the performance of our independent registered public accounting firm.

Our Audit Committee’s responsibilities include, among others:


•	reviewing the audit plans and findings of our independent registered public accounting firm and our internal audit and risk review staff, as well as the results of regulatory examinations, if any, and tracking management’s corrective action plans, where necessary;


•	reviewing our financial statements, including any significant financial items and/or changes in accounting policies, and/or internal control, with our senior management and independent registered public accounting firm;


•	reviewing our financial risk and control procedures, compliance programs and significant tax, legal and regulatory matters; and


•	having the sole discretion to annually appoint our independent registered public accounting firm, evaluate its independence and performance, and set clear hiring policies for employees or former employees of the independent registered public accounting firm.

Messrs. Galbraith, Meyerowich and Johnston currently serve on the Audit Committee, and Mr. Meyerowich serves as its chair. Mr. Greenblatt also served on the Audit Committee until the second quarter of 2014. Our Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs. Meyerowich, Johnston and Galbraith are “audit committee financial experts” as such term is defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Compensation Committee

Our Compensation Committee assists our Board of Directors in the discharge of its responsibilities relating to the compensation of our executive officers.

Our Compensation Committee’s responsibilities include:


•	reviewing and approving, or making recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to, the compensation of our executive officers;


•	overseeing and administering, and making recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to, our cash and equity incentive plans; and


•	reviewing and making recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect to director compensation.

Messrs. Galbraith, Greenblatt, Meyerowich and Johnston currently serve on the Compensation Committee and Mr. Galbraith serves as its chair.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee assists our Board of Directors by:


•	identifying and recommending to our Board of Directors individuals qualified to serve as our directors and on committees of the Board of Directors;


•	advising the Board of Directors on Board composition, procedures and committees;


•	initiating and overseeing governance policies such as our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers; and


•	overseeing the evaluation of the Board and Company management.

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As part of its responsibility to identify and recommend director nominees, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is guided by the diversity considerations set forth in its charter, which state that it shall look at a variety of attributes in selecting candidates for nomination to our Board of Directors, including experience, skills, expertise, diversity, personal and professional integrity, character, business judgment, dedication, and lack of conflicts of interest. As part of its periodic self-assessment process, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee annually assesses the occupational and personal backgrounds of the members of our Board in order to determine if our Board of Directors, considered as a group, has a sufficient composite mix of experience, knowledge and abilities.

Messrs. Galbraith, Greenblatt, Meyerowich and Johnston currently serve on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Mr. Greenblatt serves as its chair.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, and a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers. Copies of the board committee charters, as well as our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, are available on our website at www.pzena.com. If we make any amendments to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, other than technical, administrative or other non-substantive amendments, or grant any waivers, including implicit waivers, from a provision of these codes to our Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver, its effective date, and to whom it applies on our website at www.pzena.com, or in a report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.

In order to communicate any concerns with our non-management directors, interested parties should send comments to the attention of our Corporate Secretary, Joan F. Berger, at our primary offices located at 120 West 45th Street, 20th Floor, New York, New York 10036. All appropriate correspondence will be forwarded to our non-management directors.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC and NYSE reports of ownership on Form 3 and changes in ownership (including changes in ownership of derivative securities representing the right to acquire our securities) on Forms 4 and 5. Such executive officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

Based soley on a review of such reports and written representations of our directors and executive officers, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our directors, executive officers and greater than 10% shareholders were complied with in respect of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.


ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining executive officer compensation. The Compensation Committee, consisting of Messrs. Galbraith, Greenblatt, Meyerowich and Johnston, is comprised entirely of independent directors, as defined in the NYSE rules. Members of the Compensation Committee additionally qualify as “non-employee directors” within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and “outside directors” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In 2014, Mr. Greenblatt and his related entities received an aggregate payment in the amount of approximately $547,158 pursuant to the terms of the tax receivable agreement. See “Item 13 — Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence — Tax Receivable Agreement.”

During fiscal 2014, none of our executive officers served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function, of any entity that had one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our Board of Directors or our Compensation Committee.

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Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis set forth below, and based upon such review and discussions, the Compensation Committee recommended to our Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Annual Report.

Respectfully submitted,

Compensation Committee

Steven M. Galbraith, Chairman

Joel M. Greenblatt

Richard P. Meyerowich

Charles D. Johnston

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

This section summarizes the principles underlying our policies relating to our executive officers’ compensation. It generally describes the manner and context in which compensation is earned by, and awarded to, our executive officers and provides perspective on the tables and narratives that follow.

Philosophy and Objectives of Our Executive Compensation Program

Our executive compensation is intended to produce the best possible long-term results for both our investor clients and shareholders. The primary means of alignment between executive officers and shareholder interests is evidenced by the significant holdings held by most of our individual executive officers. This alignment is further enhanced by our annual compensation structure, which is designed to reward performance leading to excellent long-term results. Executive compensation has a base salary component and a bonus component. The bonus itself can be granted in the form of cash or various forms of equity participation. A portion of the bonus may be deferred pursuant to the Bonus Plan, which absent certain articulated exemptions, is dependent on continued employment with us. See “Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters — Bonus Plan” for a description of the Bonus Plan.

It is intended that the magnitude of the bonus reflect the industry standards for executive responsibilities and the actual achievement of goals and objectives we have set. However, no fixed criteria or formula is used in determining the amount of a bonus. Rather, the Compensation Committee uses its discretion to make a determination of the effectiveness of the executive and the extent of the executive’s contributions to our success and, based on that determination, recommends bonus amounts to the full Board. The minimum bonus would generally entail compensation below industry norms and reflect poor performance on objectives, while the maximum bonus would reflect superior performance on objectives.

Consistent with this philosophy, 2014 compensation was established to reflect executive officer contributions to the following:


(i)	Development of new leaders to provide succession options for the Executive Committee and other managerial responsibilities.


(ii)	Management of the overall business in a manner consistent with shareholder interests, including:


•	Managing the cost structure to maintain a margin of profitability consistent with leading asset management firms and the overall investment environment; and


•	Enhancing our overall growth through developing global capabilities and introducing new initiatives and products consistent with clients’ interests.


(iii)	Setting an example for our employees in business behavior at an exceptional ethical level.


(iv)	Enhancing our reputation and asset gathering capability, with existing and future clients, through quality interaction and communication.

Our CEO/Co-Chief Investment Officer is responsible for all aspects of our operations. Specific goals were developed for each of the below executive officers.

For President/Co-Chief Investment Officer and Executive Vice Presidents:


(i)	Lead the investment team in a manner to promote excellent long term investment performance via superior investment research.


(ii)	Maintain a team-oriented culture that develops and retains the best investment talent.

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For President and Head of Business Development and Client Service:


(i)	Expand the business development team and exposure of the Pzena brand in the international marketplace.


(ii)	Lead the client team in a manner which promotes the Pzena brand in the broader institutional investment community and creates lasting client relationships, minimizes client attrition, and raises assets from new and existing clients.


(iii)	Develop a retail mutual fund business to expand the reach of our products and to grow assets under management.

For Chief Financial Officer:


(i)	Oversee our financial reporting process to achieve accurate and effective financial statements.


(ii)	Enhance our controllership and financial functions through exemplary leadership.

In determining compensation for all executive officers, the Compensation Committee reviewed and considered each named executive officer's performance as measured against the goals described above and other qualitative criteria.

Principal Components of Executive Compensation

We have established compensation practices that directly link compensation with our performance, as described below. These practices apply to all of our professionals, including our named executive officers. Ultimately, ownership in our Company is the primary tool that we use to attract and retain professionals, including the named executive officers. As of December 31, 2014, our employee members held approximately 60% of the ownership interests in our operating company, the substantial majority of which is held by our executive officers, together with their estate planning vehicles.

We consider the following elements of compensation for our named executive officers:


(i)	cash compensation, consisting of a base salary;


(ii)	annual cash bonuses;


(iii)	mandatory deferred compensation;


(iv)	equity-based compensation and related distributions of earnings of our operating company; and


(v)	perquisites.

The Compensation Committee has not adopted any formal or informal policies or guidelines for allocating compensation between currently paid out and long-term compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation, or among different forms of non-cash compensation. In order to attract and retain qualified personnel, compensation and benefits packages, including those of certain of our named executive officers, are reviewed against relevant industry and geographic peer groups, as compiled by McLagan Partners, a compensation specialist f